Table 1.
Socio-demographic and environmental characteristics of participants.
| Domain | Variable | Level | N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | Sex | Female | 1903 (55.0) |
| Male | 1558 (45.0) | ||
| Age | 18–34 years | 792 (23.1) | |
| 35–49 years | 802 (23.4) | ||
| 50–64 years | 991 (28.9) | ||
| >65 years | 839 (24.5) | ||
| Ethnicitya | White | 3244 (94.8) | |
| Asian | 105 (3.1) | ||
| Black | 26 (0.8) | ||
| Other | 47 (1.4) | ||
| Any child under 16 | No | 2722 (79.5) | |
| Yes | 702 (20.5) | ||
| Socio-economic | Education | Degree | 1374 (40.9) |
| A-level | 599 (17.8) | ||
| GCSE | 630 (18.7) | ||
| No formal | 758 (22.6) | ||
| Annual household income | >£40,000 | 1057 (36.8) | |
| £20,001–40,000 | 936 (32.6) | ||
| ⩽£20,000 | 878 (30.6) | ||
| Housing tenure | Owned | 2573 (75.5) | |
| Privately rented | 506 (14.9) | ||
| Council rented | 254 (7.5) | ||
| Other | 74 (2.2) | ||
| Employment status | Full-time | 1403 (41.3) | |
| Part-time | 476 (14.0) | ||
| Student | 222 (6.5) | ||
| Retired | 939 (27.6) | ||
| Home duties | 145 (4.3) | ||
| Other | 214 (6.3) | ||
| Environment | Site | Southampton | 1112 (32.0) |
| Cardiff | 1114 (32.1) | ||
| Kenilworth | 1248 (35.9) | ||
| Urban/rural status | Urban | 3316 (95.5) | |
| Rural | 158 (4.6) | ||
| Population density (people per hectare) | <25 | 1237 (35.6) | |
| 25–50 | 1231 (35.4) | ||
| ⩾50 | 1006 (29.0) | ||
| Home-work distance | 0–2 km/No commute | 1464 (47.8) | |
| 2–5 km | 453 (14.8) | ||
| 5–10 km | 506 (16.5) | ||
| 10–20 km | 278 (9.1) | ||
| ⩾20 km Or variable | 359 (11.7) | ||
| Home-retail distance | 0–2 km | 272 (7.8) | |
| 2–5 km | 1214 (35.0) | ||
| 5–10 km | 1850 (53.3) | ||
| ⩾10 km | 138 (4.0) | ||
| Car and bike access | Cars per adult in household | No cars | 508 (14.8) |
| <1 Car per adult | 1283 (37.4) | ||
| ⩾1 Cars per adult | 1641 (47.8) | ||
| Any adult bike in household | No | 1377 (42.2) | |
| Yes | 1888 (57.8) | ||
Notes: Numbers add to less than 3474 in some variables because of missing data. Note that the order in which the levels of household income and population density are presented has been reversed so that these variables run in the same direction as the other socio-economic and environmental variables.
a
Collapsed into White/non-White in regression analyses because of small cell sizes.