Table C.1.
Individual and environmental predictors of ‘high’ transport carbon emissions, car CO2 allocated between drivers and passengers (N = 3474).
| Variable | Level | Percent | Odds ratio (95% CI) for being in top 20% of transport carbon emissions |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Min-adjusteda |
Multivariable 1 |
Multivariable 2 |
Multivariable 3 |
|||
| R2 = 0.13 | R2 = 0.21 | R2 = 0.24 | ||||
| Sex | Female | 14 | 1∗∗∗ | 1∗∗∗ | 1∗∗∗ | 1∗∗∗ |
| Male | 28 | 2.55 (2.08, 3.13) | 2.32 (1.86, 2.90) | 2.07 (1.64, 2.61) | 2.28 (1.79, 2.89) | |
| Age | 18–34 years | 18 | 1∗∗∗ | 1∗ | 1 | 1 |
| 35–49 years | 28 | 1.73 (1.32, 2.28) | 1.57 (1.14, 2.17) | 1.61 (1.14, 2.28) | 1.61 (1.14, 2.27) | |
| 50–64 years | 22 | 1.16 (0.88, 1.51) | 1.26 (0.91, 1.74) | 1.46 (1.02, 2.09) | 1.44 (1.01, 2.06) | |
| >65 years | 13 | 0.51 (0.38, 0.70) | 1.37 (0.86, 2.19) | 1.60 (0.93, 2.73) | 1.55 (0.90, 2.68) | |
| Ethnicity | White | 20 | 1 | 1∗ | 1∗ | 1∗∗ |
| Non-White | 25 | 1.22 (0.79, 1.90) | 1.75 (1.07, 2.86) | 1.92 (1.14, 3.23) | 2.14 (1.26, 3.63) | |
| Any child under 16 | No | 19 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 24 | 0.89 (0.68, 1.17) | 0.75 (0.55, 1.02) | 0.78 (0.54, 1.11) | 0.72 (0.51, 1.03) | |
| Education | Degree | 26 | 1∗∗∗ | 1∗ | 1∗ | 1 |
| A-level | 22 | 0.76 (0.57, 1.02) | 1.03 (0.76, 1.41) | 1.02 (0.73, 1.43) | 1.03 (0.74, 1.43) | |
| GCSE | 19 | 0.60 (0.45, 0.80) | 0.84 (0.62, 1.15) | 0.78 (0.56, 1.08) | 0.87 (0.62, 1.22) | |
| No formal | 12 | 0.40 (0.30, 0.53) | 0.62 (0.46, 0.85) | 0.60 (0.43, 0.85) | 0.65 (0.46, 0.92) | |
| Annual household income | >£40,000 | 34 | 1∗∗∗ | 1∗∗∗ | 1∗∗ | 1∗∗ |
| £20–40,000 | 21 | 0.57 (0.44, 0.74) | 0.65 (0.50, 0.85) | 0.73 (0.56, 0.97) | 0.77 (0.58, 1.02) | |
| <£20,000 | 9 | 0.26 (0.18, 0.36) | 0.42 (0.29, 0.60) | 0.49 (0.33, 0.71) | 0.53 (0.36, 0.78) | |
| Housing tenure | Owned | 23 | 1∗∗∗ | 1∗ | 1 | 1 |
| Privately rented | 15 | 0.56 (0.39, 0.80) | 0.70 (0.48, 1.03) | 1.03 (0.70, 1.52) | 1.20 (0.81, 1.77) | |
| Council rented | 5 | 0.16 (0.08, 0.32) | 0.35 (0.17, 0.73) | 0.39 (0.18, 0.82) | 0.52 (0.22, 1.22) | |
| Other | 18 | 0.76 (0.37, 1.56) | 0.97 (0.47, 2.03) | 0.99 (0.46, 2.14) | 1.07 (0.52, 2.19) | |
| Employment status | Full-time | 33 | 1∗∗∗ | 1∗∗∗ | 1∗∗∗ | 1∗∗∗ |
| Part-time | 17 | 0.45 (0.34, 0.61) | 0.52 (0.39, 0.71) | 0.57 (0.41, 0.80) | 0.58 (0.42, 0.82) | |
| Student | 7 | 0.39 (0.21, 0.71) | 0.43 (0.23, 0.82) | 0.35 (0.17, 0.71) | 0.48 (0.24, 0.99) | |
| Retired | 11 | 0.26 (0.18, 0.38) | 0.32 (0.22, 0.47) | 0.44 (0.27, 0.70) | 0.44 (0.27, 0.71) | |
| Home duties | 12 | 0.35 (0.20, 0.61) | 0.47 (0.27, 0.83) | 0.53 (0.27, 1.03) | 0.62 (0.32, 1.18) | |
| Other | 7 | 0.13 (0.06, 0.28) | 0.22 (0.10, 0.51) | 0.28 (0.11, 0.69) | 0.31 (0.12, 0.80) | |
| Site | Southampton | 15 | 1∗∗∗ | 1 | 1 | |
| Cardiff | 21 | 1.28 (0.99, 1.64) | 1.15 (0.76, 1.73) | 1.11 (0.74, 1.68) | ||
| Kenilworth | 24 | 1.97 (1.52, 2.56) | 1.54 (0.99, 2.38) | 1.51 (0.96, 2.37) | ||
| Urban/rural status | Urban | 20 | 1∗∗∗ | 1 | 1 | |
| Rural | 33 | 2.24 (1.46, 3.42) | 1.60 (0.90, 2.86) | 1.57 (0.89, 2.77) | ||
| Population density | Change per 10 people per hectare | – | 0.94 (0.91,0.98)∗∗∗ | 0.99 (0.95, 1.04) | 1.00 (0.95, 1.05) | |
| Home-work distance | 0–2 km/no comm. | 13 | 1.06 (0.72, 1.58) | 1.48 (0.95, 2.30) | 1.48 (0.94, 2.34) | |
| 2–5 km | 11 | 1∗∗∗ | 1∗∗∗ | 1∗∗∗ | ||
| 5–10 km | 18 | 1.56 (1.01, 2.41) | 1.26 (0.79, 2.03) | 1.19 (0.74, 1.89) | ||
| 10–20 km | 35 | 4.29 (2.77, 6.62) | 3.39 (2.14, 5.37) | 3.01 (1.88, 4.80) | ||
| ⩾20 km or variable | 62 | 9.08 (6.14, 13.42) | 8.32 (5.54, 12.49) | 7.58 (5.00, 11.49) | ||
| Home-retail distance | Change per kilometers | – | 1.10 (1.05,1.16)∗∗∗ | 0.97 (0.90, 1.05) | 0.95 (0.88, 1.03) | |
| Cars per adult in household | No cars | 4 | 0.20 (0.11, 0.37) | 0.32 (0.17, 0.60) | ||
| <1 Car per adult | 16 | 1∗∗∗ | 1∗∗∗ | |||
| ⩾1 Cars per adult | 29 | 2.66 (2.11, 3.37) | 2.16 (1.67, 2.80) | |||
| Any adult bike | No | 17 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 23 | 1.05 (0.84, 1.32) | 0.89 (0.68, 1.15) | |||