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. 2014 May 23;9(5):e98185. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098185

Figure 5. Effect of STO-609 on bupivacaine-induced AMPK and p38 MAPK activity.

Figure 5

Neuro2a cells were treated with CaMKK inhibitor STO-609 (50 µM) for 1 h, followed by bupivacaine (2 mM) for 9 h. (A) Expression of phospho-AMPKα (P-AMPKα), AMPK, phospho-p38 (P-p38) and p38 was measured by Western blotting (n = 3 per group). The bar diagram shows the ratio of phospho-AMPKα to AMPK (B) and the ratio of P-p38 to p38 (C). **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001 vs. control (not treated with bupivacaine), ## P<0.01 and ### P<0.001 vs. absence of STO-609. All post hoc comparisons were performed by Tukey's test with repeated measures two-way ANOVA including STO-609 group and time period as factors and the interaction term between the two factors.