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. 2014 May 23;41(6):061714. doi: 10.1118/1.4875976

Table 1.

Reference elemental mass fractions, CT numbers (HU) at 120  kV, relative electron density ϱe, effective atomic number Zeff, mean excitation energy I, and relative SPR for 71 tissues. CT numbers, compositions, densities, and CT number intervals (“HU bin”) to assign average tissue compositions according to a measured single energy CT number are taken from Ref. 2. Tissue compositions originate from Refs. 33 and 34 and were normalized to the six major elements in this work. A particle energy of 200 MeV/u was used to calculate the SPR.

      ϱ             I        
Material HU bin HU [g/cm3] H C N O Ca P [eV] ϱe ⟨Z/A⟩ Zeff SPR
Lungdeflated [−951,−120] −741 0.26 10.4 10.6 3.1 75.7 0.0 0.2 74.54 0.258 0.5511 7.31 0.258
Adiposetissue3 [−119,−83] −98 0.93 11.6 68.3 0.2 19.9 0.0 0.0 63.06 0.933 0.5570 6.10 0.952
Adiposetissue2 [−82,−53] −77 0.95 11.4 60.0 0.7 27.9 0.0 0.0 64.60 0.952 0.5560 6.30 0.969
Adiposetissue1 [−82,−53] −55 0.97 11.2 51.9 1.3 35.6 0.0 0.0 66.14 0.970 0.5551 6.48 0.985
Yellowmarrow [−52,−23] −49 0.98 11.5 64.6 0.7 23.2 0.0 0.0 63.72 0.982 0.5565 6.19 1.001
Mammarygland1 [−52,−23] −37 0.99 10.9 50.8 2.3 35.9 0.0 0.1 66.73 0.987 0.5536 6.53 1.001
Yellowredmarrow [−22,7] −22 1.00 11.0 53.1 2.1 33.6 0.0 0.1 66.18 0.998 0.5541 6.47 1.013
Mammarygland2 [−22,7] −1 1.02 10.6 33.3 3.0 52.9 0.0 0.1 70.05 1.015 0.5522 6.88 1.024
Redmarrow [8,18] 11 1.03 10.6 41.7 3.4 44.2 0.0 0.1 68.70 1.024 0.5518 6.72 1.035
BrainCerebrospinalfluid [8,18] 13 1.01 11.2 0.0 0.0 88.8 0.0 0.0 75.30 1.010 0.5551 7.45 1.010
Adrenalgland [8,18] 14 1.03 10.7 28.5 2.6 58.1 0.0 0.1 70.92 1.025 0.5523 6.98 1.032
Smallintestinewall [19,80] 23 1.03 10.7 11.6 2.2 75.5 0.0 0.1 73.98 1.025 0.5524 7.28 1.027
Urine [19,80] 26 1.02 11.1 0.5 1.0 87.2 0.0 0.1 75.21 1.019 0.5548 7.45 1.019
Gallbladderbile [19,80] 27 1.03 10.9 6.1 0.1 82.9 0.0 0.0 74.81 1.027 0.5536 7.36 1.028
Lymph [19,80] 29 1.03 10.9 4.1 1.1 83.9 0.0 0.0 75.00 1.027 0.5536 7.38 1.027
Pancreas [19,80] 32 1.04 10.7 17.0 2.2 69.9 0.0 0.2 73.00 1.035 0.5524 7.20 1.039
Brainwhitematter [19,80] 34 1.04 10.7 19.6 2.5 66.8 0.0 0.4 72.50 1.035 0.5525 7.19 1.039
Prostate [19,80] 34 1.04 10.6 9.0 2.5 77.9 0.0 0.1 74.58 1.034 0.5519 7.32 1.035
Testis [19,80] 36 1.04 10.7 10.0 2.0 77.2 0.0 0.1 74.23 1.035 0.5525 7.31 1.037
Braingraymatter [19,80] 40 1.04 10.8 9.6 1.8 77.5 0.0 0.3 74.17 1.036 0.5531 7.34 1.038
Muscleskeletal1 [19,80] 40 1.05 10.2 17.3 3.6 68.7 0.0 0.2 73.69 1.040 0.5501 7.21 1.042
Heart1 [19,80] 41 1.05 10.4 17.6 3.1 68.6 0.0 0.2 73.32 1.042 0.5510 7.20 1.045
Kidney1 [19,80] 41 1.05 10.3 16.1 3.4 69.9 0.1 0.2 73.79 1.041 0.5505 7.27 1.043
Stomach [19,80] 41 1.05 10.5 14.0 2.9 72.5 0.0 0.1 73.81 1.043 0.5514 7.24 1.045
Thyroid [19,80] 42 1.05 10.5 12.0 2.4 75.0 0.0 0.1 74.24 1.043 0.5515 7.28 1.045
Muscleskeletal2 [19,80] 43 1.05 10.3 14.4 3.4 71.6 0.0 0.2 74.03 1.041 0.5506 7.25 1.043
Liver1 [19,80] 43 1.05 10.4 15.8 2.7 70.8 0.0 0.3 73.72 1.042 0.5511 7.25 1.044
Heart2 [19,80] 43 1.05 10.5 14.0 2.9 72.4 0.0 0.2 73.80 1.043 0.5515 7.26 1.045
Aorta [19,80] 43 1.05 10.0 14.8 4.2 70.2 0.4 0.4 74.78 1.038 0.5489 7.47 1.039
Kidney2 [19,80] 43 1.05 10.4 13.3 3.0 73.0 0.1 0.2 74.16 1.042 0.5510 7.32 1.044
Muscleskeletal3 [19,80] 44 1.05 10.3 11.3 3.0 75.2 0.0 0.2 74.66 1.041 0.5506 7.31 1.042
Heart3 [19,80] 45 1.05 10.5 10.4 2.7 76.2 0.0 0.2 74.49 1.043 0.5515 7.32 1.044
Mammarygland3 [19,80] 45 1.06 10.2 15.9 3.7 70.1 0.0 0.1 73.78 1.051 0.5503 7.21 1.053
Kidney3 [19,80] 46 1.05 10.5 10.7 2.7 75.8 0.1 0.2 74.48 1.043 0.5515 7.36 1.044
Ovary [19,80] 46 1.05 10.6 9.4 2.4 77.4 0.0 0.2 74.52 1.044 0.5520 7.33 1.045
Eyelens [19,80] 49 1.07 9.6 19.6 5.7 64.9 0.0 0.1 73.97 1.055 0.5474 7.16 1.057
Liver2 [19,80] 53 1.06 10.3 14.0 3.0 72.3 0.0 0.3 74.18 1.051 0.5506 7.28 1.053
Spleen [19,80] 54 1.06 10.4 11.4 3.2 74.7 0.0 0.3 74.47 1.052 0.5510 7.32 1.053
Trachea [19,80] 54 1.06 10.2 14.0 3.3 72.0 0.0 0.4 74.38 1.050 0.5501 7.30 1.051
Heartbloodfilled [19,80] 56 1.06 10.4 12.2 3.2 74.1 0.0 0.1 74.22 1.052 0.5511 7.27 1.054
Bloodwhole [19,80] 56 1.06 10.3 11.1 3.3 75.2 0.0 0.1 74.61 1.051 0.5506 7.29 1.052
Liver3 [19,80] 63 1.07 10.2 12.7 3.3 73.4 0.0 0.3 74.58 1.060 0.5501 7.30 1.061
Skin1 [19,80] 72 1.09 10.1 25.2 4.6 59.9 0.0 0.1 72.25 1.079 0.5495 7.04 1.084
Skin2 [19,80] 74 1.09 10.1 20.6 4.2 65.0 0.0 0.1 73.17 1.079 0.5495 7.13 1.082
Skin3 [19,80] 77 1.09 10.2 15.9 3.7 70.1 0.0 0.1 73.89 1.080 0.5500 7.21 1.082
Connectivetissue [81,120] 100 1.12 9.5 21.0 6.3 63.1 0.0 0.0 73.79 1.103 0.5469 7.11 1.105
Cartilage [81,120] 102 1.10 9.8 10.1 2.2 75.7 0.0 2.2 76.96 1.085 0.5477 7.68 1.082
Sternum [301,400] 385 1.25 7.8 31.8 3.7 44.1 8.6 4.0 81.97 1.211 0.5378 10.27 1.199
Sacrummale [401,500] 454 1.29 7.4 30.4 3.7 44.1 9.9 4.5 84.19 1.245 0.5357 10.63 1.228
D6L3inclcartilagem [401,500] 466 1.30 7.4 26.7 3.6 47.6 9.9 4.8 85.38 1.253 0.5352 10.69 1.234
Vertcolwhole [501,600] 514 1.33 7.2 26.0 3.6 47.5 10.6 5.1 86.59 1.280 0.5342 10.87 1.259
VertcolD6L3exclcartilage [501,600] 526 1.33 7.0 28.9 3.8 44.0 11.2 5.1 86.54 1.278 0.5336 10.97 1.257
FemurHumerussphericalhead [501,600] 538 1.33 7.1 38.1 2.6 34.3 12.2 5.6 85.43 1.279 0.5339 11.16 1.260
Femurconicaltrochanter [501,600] 586 1.36 6.9 36.7 2.7 34.8 12.9 5.9 86.69 1.305 0.5329 11.31 1.283
C4inclcartilagemale
 [501,600]
 599
 1.38
 6.6
 24.5
 3.7
 47.4
 12.0
 5.7
 89.36
 1.321
 0.5316
 11.23
 1.294
Sacrumfemale [601,700] 621 1.39 6.6 27.3 3.8 43.8 12.6 5.8 89.11 1.331 0.5315 11.33 1.304
Humeruswholespecimen [601,700] 636 1.39 6.7 35.3 2.8 35.3 13.6 6.2 88.06 1.332 0.5318 11.48 1.307
Ribs2nd6th [601,700] 657 1.41 6.4 26.5 3.9 43.9 13.2 6.0 90.28 1.348 0.5305 11.47 1.319
Innominatemale [601,700] 658 1.41 6.3 26.4 3.9 43.9 13.3 6.1 90.69 1.346 0.5300 11.50 1.316
VertcolC4exclcartilage [601,700] 672 1.42 6.3 26.3 3.9 43.9 13.4 6.1 90.78 1.356 0.5300 11.52 1.326
Femurtotalbone [601,700] 688 1.42 6.3 33.4 2.9 36.3 14.4 6.6 90.24 1.355 0.5298 11.68 1.326
Femurwholespecism [701,800] 702 1.43 6.3 33.2 2.9 36.4 14.5 6.6 90.34 1.365 0.5298 11.70 1.335
Innominatefemale [701,800] 742 1.46 6.0 25.2 3.9 43.8 14.4 6.6 92.76 1.390 0.5284 11.75 1.355
Humerustotalbone [701,800] 756 1.46 6.0 31.5 3.1 37.0 15.3 7.0 92.23 1.389 0.5283 11.89 1.355
Claviclescapula [701,800] 756 1.46 6.0 31.4 3.1 37.1 15.3 7.0 92.26 1.389 0.5283 11.89 1.355
Humeruscylindricalshaft [801,900] 805 1.49 5.8 30.3 3.2 37.6 15.9 7.2 93.56 1.415 0.5273 12.02 1.378
Ribs10th [801,900] 843 1.52 5.6 23.7 4.0 43.7 15.7 7.3 95.42 1.441 0.5264 12.04 1.400
Cranium [901,1000] 999 1.61 5.0 21.3 4.0 43.8 17.7 8.1 99.69 1.517 0.5232 12.46 1.466
Mandible [1101,1200] 1113 1.68 4.6 20.0 4.1 43.8 18.8 8.7 102.35 1.577 0.5211 12.68 1.519
Femurcylindricalshaft [1201,1300] 1239 1.75 4.2 20.5 3.8 41.8 20.3 9.4 105.13 1.636 0.5190 12.96 1.571
Corticalbone [1501,1600] 1524 1.92 3.4 15.6 4.2 43.8 22.6 10.4 111.63 1.781 0.5149 13.41 1.698