Table 2.
Baseline characteristics and laboratory findings according to gender and BMI groups a
| |
Men |
|
Women |
|
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
Total |
Normal weight |
Overweight |
Obese |
|
Total |
Normal weight |
Overweight |
Obese |
|
|
| n = 2989 | n = 959 | n = 1517 | n = 513 | p-value b | n = 1142 | n = 436 | n = 453 | n = 253 | p-value c | p-value d | |
|
Demographic characteristics |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
| Age (years)e |
61 (10) |
63 (11) |
61 (10) |
59 (10) |
<0.001 |
63 (10) |
63 (19) |
64 (11) |
63 (10) |
0.52 |
<0.001 |
|
Clinical parameters |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
141 (20.4) |
140 (20.5) |
141 (20.3) |
143 (20.4) |
0.03 |
141 (21.6) |
138 (22.1) |
143 (21.6) |
144 (20.2) |
<0.01 |
0.94 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
81.8 (10.4) |
79.6 (10.1) |
82.2 (10.0) |
84.3 (11.1) |
<0.001 |
80.0 (10.3) |
78.4 (10.8) |
80.9 (10.1) |
81.0 (9.60) |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) |
63.1 (11.8) |
62.6 (12.4) |
63.7 (11.1) |
62.1 (12.4) |
<0.01 |
66.5 (9.81) |
65.9 (10.3) |
66.9 (9.21) |
66.8 (9.93) |
0.30 |
<0.001 |
|
Cardiovascular risk factors, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
| Diabetesf |
361 (12.1) |
97 (10.1) |
158 (10.4) |
106 (20.7) |
<0.001 |
135 (11.8) |
26 (6.0) |
51 (11.3) |
58 (22.9) |
<0.001 |
0.82 |
| Current smokerg |
803 (26.9) |
305 (31.8) |
375 (24.8) |
123 (24.0) |
<0.001 |
258 (22.7) |
112 (25.7) |
94 (20.8) |
52 (22.7) |
0.16 |
<0.01 |
| Ex smokerh |
1595 (53.4) |
448 (46.7) |
842 (55.6) |
305 (59.6) |
<0.001 |
338 (29.7) |
123 (28.2) |
133 (29.5) |
82 (32.7) |
0.47 |
<0.001 |
| Family history of coronary heart diseasei |
844 (29.0) |
258 (27.8) |
417 (28.1) |
169 (33.9) |
0.03 |
409 (36.4) |
159 (37.3) |
156 (34.9) |
94 (37.6) |
0.69 |
<0.001 |
|
Cardiovascular history, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
| Previous acute myocardial infarction |
1346 (45.9) |
429 (44.7) |
668 (44.0) |
249 (48.5) |
0.20 |
324 (28.4) |
135 (31.0) |
116 (25.6) |
73 (28.9) |
0.21 |
<0.001 |
| Previous cerebrovascular disease |
203 (6.9) |
69 (7.2) |
101 (6.7) |
33 (6.4) |
0.82 |
83 (7.3) |
31 (7.1) |
27 (6.0) |
25 (9.9) |
0.16 |
0.59 |
| Previous peripheral vascular arterial disease |
276 (9.2) |
114 (11.9) |
115 (7.6) |
47 (9.2) |
<0.01 |
95 (8.3) |
39 (8.9) |
33 (7.3) |
23 (9.1) |
0.59 |
0.36 |
| Previous percutaneous coronary intervention |
641 (21.4) |
193 (20.1) |
340 (22.4) |
108 (21.1) |
0.39 |
153 (13.4) |
57 (13.1) |
56 (12.4) |
40 (15.8) |
0.42 |
<0.001 |
| Previous coronary artery bypass graft surgery |
394 (13.2) |
116 (12.1) |
205 (13.5) |
73 (14.2) |
0.44 |
83 (7.3) |
34 (7.8) |
33 (7.3) |
16 (6.3) |
0.77 |
<0.01 |
|
Extent of coronary artery disease at baseline as assessed by coronary angiography, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| No significant coronary artery disease |
538 (18.0) |
179 (17.7) |
280 (18.5) |
88 (17.2) |
0.77 |
492 (43.1) |
197 (45.2) |
187 (41.3) |
108 (42.7) |
0.50 |
<0.001 |
| 1-vessel disease |
704 (23.6) |
218 (22.7) |
373 (24.6) |
113 (22.0) |
0.38 |
254 (22.2) |
88 (20.2) |
109 (24.1) |
57 (22.5) |
0.38 |
0.37 |
| 2-vessel disease |
731 (24.5) |
236 (24.6) |
360 (23.7) |
135 (26.3) |
0.50 |
192 (16.8) |
72 (16.5) |
80 (17.7) |
40 (15.8) |
0.80 |
<0.001 |
| 3-vesseldisease |
1016 (34.0) |
335 (34.9) |
504 (33.2) |
177 (34.5) |
0.66 |
204 (17.9) |
79 (18.1) |
77 (17.0) |
48 (19.0) |
0.79 |
<0.001 |
|
Comorbidity at baseline, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
| Pulmonary disease |
276 (9.2) |
96 (10.0) |
115 (7.6) |
65 (12.7) |
0.04 |
91 (8.0) |
43 (9.9) |
25 (5.5) |
23 (9.1) |
<0.01 |
0.20 |
| Cancer |
4 (0.1) |
2 (0.20) |
1 (0.10) |
1 (0.20) |
0.59 |
0 (0.0) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
- |
0.22 |
|
Medication following baseline coronary angiography, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
| Acetylsalisylic acid |
2546 (85.2) |
810 (84.5) |
1306 (86.1) |
430 (83.8) |
0.13 |
830 (72.7) |
304 (69.7) |
332 (73.3) |
194 (76.7) |
0.34 |
<0.001 |
| Statins |
2492 (83.4) |
759 (79.1) |
1296 (85.4) |
437 (85.2) |
<0.001 |
818 (71.6) |
305 (70.0) |
330 (72.8) |
183 (72.3) |
0.61 |
<0.001 |
| β-blockers |
2229 (74.6) |
684 (71.3) |
1155 (76.1) |
390 (76.0) |
0.02 |
765 (67.0) |
286 (65.6) |
301 (66.4) |
178 (70.4) |
0.42 |
<0.001 |
| ACE inhibitors |
644 (21.5) |
171 (17.8) |
320 (21.1) |
153 (29.8) |
<0.001 |
214 (18.7) |
72 (16.2) |
83 (18.3) |
59 (23.3) |
0.08 |
0.05 |
| Loop diuretics |
297 (9.9) |
90 (9.4) |
128 (8.4) |
79 (15.4) |
<0.001 |
150 (13.1) |
37 (8.5) |
54 (11.9) |
59 (23.3) |
<0.001 |
<0.01 |
|
Coronary revascularization following baseline coronary angiography, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Percutaneous coronary intervention |
1065 (35.6) |
327 (34.1) |
545 (35.9) |
193 (37.6) |
0.38 |
283 (24.8) |
105 (24.1) |
118 (26.0) |
60 (23.7) |
0.72 |
<0.001 |
| Coronary artery bypass graft surgery |
731 (24.5) |
248 (25.9) |
363 (23.9) |
120 (23.4) |
0.46 |
161 (14.1) |
54 (12.4) |
75 (16.6) |
32 (12.6) |
0.15 |
<0.001 |
|
Biochemical markers |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Creatinine (μmol/L) |
96.4 (31.7) |
96.6 (30.5) |
96.4 (34.9) |
95.9 (23.3) |
0.93 |
82.8 (26.5) |
83.9 (36.7) |
81.4 (14.5) |
83.4 (21.5) |
0.35 |
<0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min) |
89.3 (17.0) |
87.5 (16.6) |
89.7 (16.6) |
91.2 (16.9) |
<0.001 |
84.1 (17.3) |
83.4 (17.6) |
84.6 (16.1) |
84.2 (18.7) |
0.58 |
<0.001 |
| CRP (mg/L) |
3.66 (7.59) |
3.55 (8.91) |
3.58 (6.99) |
4.07 (6.49) |
0.39 |
3.79 (5.93) |
2.88(5.17 |
3.62 (5.43) |
5.66 (7.42) |
<0.001 |
0.59 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) |
6.41 (2.38) |
6.08 (2.42) |
6.33 (2.14) |
7.26 (2.77) |
<0.001 |
6.20 (2.46) |
5.60 (1.75) |
6.30 (2.68) |
7.06 (2.82) |
<0.001 |
0.01 |
| HbA1c (mmol/L) |
6.17 (1.39) |
6.16 (1.11) |
6.40 (1.52) |
6.62 (1.49) |
<0.001 |
6.36 (1.38) |
6.10 (1.36) |
6.11 (1.37) |
6.46 (1.43) |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) |
14.6 (1.16) |
14.2 (1.21) |
14.7 (1.07) |
14.8 (1.16) |
<0.001 |
13.4 (1.05) |
13.3 (1.04) |
13.5 (1.04) |
13.5 (1.05) |
<0.01 |
<0.001 |
| ApoA1 (g/L) |
1.26 (0.25) |
1.31 (0.27) |
1.25 (0.23) |
1.20 (0.23) |
<0.001 |
1.46 (0.27) |
1.49 (0.28) |
1.45 (0.26 |
1.42 (0.27) |
<0.01 |
<0.001 |
| ApoB (g/L) |
0.90 (0.25) |
0.86 (0.24) |
0.90 (0.24) |
0.93 (0.27) |
<0.001 |
0.92 (0.25) |
0.88 (0.24) |
0.94 (0.26) |
0.94 (0.25) |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) |
4.98 (1.17) |
5.18 (1.12) |
5.39 (1.14) |
5.25 (1.16) |
0.30 |
5.28 (1.14) |
5.18 (1.12) |
5.39 (1.14) |
5.25 (1.16) |
0.02 |
<0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) |
3.05 (1.02) |
3.03 (1.01) |
3.06 (0.98) |
3.07 (1.13) |
0.64 |
3.19 (1.03) |
3.08 (1.02) |
3.30 (1.03) |
3.18 (1.04) |
<0.01 |
<0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) |
1.22 (0.33) |
1.33 (0.38) |
1.19 (0.29) |
1.09 (0.26) |
<0.001 |
1.47 (0.42) |
1.57 (0.44) |
1.45 (0.39) |
1.34 (0.37) |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) |
1.85 (1.28) |
1.48 (0.97) |
1.91 (1.30) |
2.32 (1.52) |
<0.001 |
1.62 (1.03) |
1.34 (0.72) |
1.67 (1.18) |
2.00 (1.07) |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
| Lp(a) (mmol/L) |
0.41 (0.37) |
0.43 (0.41) |
0.48 (0.45) |
0.47 (0.40) |
0.79 |
0.46 (0.42) |
0.43 (0.41) |
0.48 (0.45) |
0.47 (0.40) |
0.11 |
<0.01 |
|
WENBIT intervention trial, n (%) |
2047 (68.5) |
614 (64.0) |
1072 (70.7) |
361 (70.4) |
<0.01 |
513 (44.9) |
183 (42.0) |
211 (46.6) |
119 (47.0) |
0.29 |
<0.001 |
| B6, n (% of WENBIT participants) |
1043 (34.9) |
320 (52.1) |
553 (51.9) |
170 (47.1) |
0.19 |
239 (20.9) |
89 (48.6) |
96 (45.5) |
54 (45.4) |
0.94 |
<0.001 |
| Folate/B12, n (% of WENBIT participants) | 1031 (34.5) | 301 (49.0) | 555 (51.8) | 175 (48.5) | 0.03 | 244 (21.4) | 93 (50.8) | 102 (48.3) | 49 (41.2) | 0.92 | <0.001 |
ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; ApoA1, apolipoprotein A1; ApoB, apolipoprotein B; BMI, body mass index; CRP, c-reactive protein; eGFR, esitimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; Lp(a), lipoprotein (a).
aNormal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2) and obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2).
bBased on differences between BMI groups among men, and was calculated by ANOVA for continuous variables and Chi squared test for categorical variables for differences between men and women.
cBased on differences between BMI groups among women, and was calculated by ANOVA for continuous variables and Chi squared test for categorical variables for differences between men and women.
dBased on between group differences in men vs. women, and was calculated by independent samples t-test for continuous variables and Chi squared test for categorical variables.
eMean (SD).
fIncludes DM type 1 and 2.
gSmokers included self-reported current smoking, those who quit smoking within <1 month and patients with plasma cotinine >85 ng/mL.
hPatients reported to have quit smoking > 1 month prior to inclusion.
iIncluded those reporting to have at least one 1st degree relative suffering from CAD before the age of 55 for men and 65 for women.