Table 1.
Specific effects of different ions on the stability and size quenching of ligand-free Au and Ag NPs. (Signs in brackets indicate limitations or ambivalent effects found by different researchers including comments regarding possible reasons.)
| ion | stabilization | size quenching | reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| F− | — | — | Au [101] |
| Cl− | (+)/(−) concentration |
(+)/(−) concentration |
Au [31,83,95,101,103] Ag [102,104–106] |
| Br− | ++ | + | Au [31,101] |
| I− | (++) NP etching | + | Au [95,101] |
| SCN− | ++ | + | Au [101] |
| NO3− | (−)/(+) concentration |
(−)/(+) concentration |
Au [95,101,103] Ag [102] |
| SO42− | — | — | Au [31,101] |
| PO43− | + | + | Au [31] |
| NaH2PO4/ Na2HPO4 | + | + | Au [31] |
| OH− | + | (+)/(−) concentration |
Au [103] |
| HCl | (−)/(+) concentration, material |
(−)/(+) concentration, material |
Au [103] Ag [102] |
| S2O32− | — | — | Ag [102] |