Table 3.
Group means and standard deviations for F2 slope metrics (Hz/ms) are reported. Speaker sex is denoted in Group codes (F=females; M=males).
| Measure | Group | Habitual | Clear | Loud |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maximum F2 /ɑɪ/ | CF | 16.8 (3.7) | 17.3 (4.9) | 16.7 (3.2) |
| 13.0 (2.6) | 14.3 (2.9) | 12.9 (3.1) | ||
| CM | 10.7 (1.3) | 11.9 (1.3) | 11.1 (1.3) | |
| PDM | 9.8 (1.9) | 11.1 (1.9) | 10.0 (1.6) | |
| Average F2 /ɑɪ/ | CF | 8.8 (1.2) | 8.5 (1.5) | 7.8 (.9) |
| 6.6 (1.3) | 6.9 (1.0) | 6.7 (1.0) | ||
| CM | 6.6 (.8) | 6.6 (.6) | 6.4 (.7) | |
| PDM | 5.6 (1.0) | 6.2 (.9) | 5.8 (1.2) | |
| Maximum F2 /ɔɪ/ | CF | 23.4 (6.3) | 23.0 (5.0) | 22.8 (7.5) |
| 15.8 (6.1) | 17.7 (5.9) | 15.2 (4.0) | ||
| CM | 12.7 (2.0) | 14.7 (3.0) | 13.7 (2.5) | |
| PDM | 11.8 (2.5) | 12.9 (3.2) | 11.5 (2.3) | |
| Maximum F2 /ɔɪ/ | CF | 10.3 (1.9) | 10.3 (2.0) | 9.6 (2.1) |
| 7.5 (1.7) | 7.8 (2.4) | 7.7 (1.5) | ||
| CM | 7.2 (1.1) | 7.3 (1.1) | 6.7 (1.0) | |
| PDM | 5.9 (1.0) | 6.6 (1.2) | 5.8 (1.0) |