Table 3.
Cross tabulation of maternal and infants factors and practice of EBF
| Variables |
N |
Exclusive breastfeeding (%) |
chiχ
2
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | No | Yes | p | |
|
Maternal variables |
|
|
|
|
|
Age of mother (years) |
N = 398 |
N = 264 |
N = 134 |
2.00 |
| 25 or less |
106 (26.6) |
72 (67.9) |
34 (32.1) |
0.57 |
| 26-30 |
159 (40.0) |
100 (62.8) |
59 (37.2) |
|
| 31-35 |
98 (24.6) |
66 (67.3) |
32 (32.7) |
|
| 36 or more |
35 (8.8) |
26 (74.2) |
9 (25.8) |
|
|
Educational level of mother |
N = 396 |
N = 262 |
N = 134 |
14.52 |
| Primary |
89 (22.3) |
71 (79.7) |
18 (20.3) |
0.01 |
| Secondary |
170 (42.5) |
115 (67.6) |
55 (32.4) |
|
| Tertiary |
137 (34.3) |
76 (55.4) |
61 (44.6) |
|
|
Socioeconomic class |
N = 400 |
N = 266 |
N = 134 |
11.29 |
| Lower |
185 (46.3) |
137 (74.0) |
48 (26.0) |
0.01 |
| Middle |
150 (37.5) |
95 (63.3) |
55 (36.7) |
|
| Upper |
65 (16.2) |
34 (52.3) |
31 (47.7) |
|
|
Occupation of mother |
N = 400 |
N = 266 |
N = 134 |
12.10 |
| None |
97 (24.2) |
60 (61.8) |
37 (38.2) |
0.01 |
| Unskilled |
140 (35.0) |
109 (77.8) |
31 (22.2) |
|
| Semi-skilled |
86 (21.5) |
52 (60.4) |
34 (39.6) |
|
| Skilled |
77(19.3) |
45 (58.4) |
32 (41.6) |
|
|
Distance of office from home |
N = 303 |
N = 206 |
N = 97 |
3.19 |
| Within residence |
59 (19.5) |
42 (71.2) |
18 (28.8) |
0.20 |
| Nearby (<30 minutes walk) |
154 (50.8) |
109 (70.8) |
44 (29.2) |
|
| Farther (>30 minutes walk) |
90 (29.7) |
55 (61.2) |
35 (38.8) |
|
|
Maternity leave |
N = 288 |
N = 195 |
N = 93 |
2.11 |
| No |
154 (53.5) |
110 (71.4) |
44 (28.6) |
0.15 |
| Yes |
134 (46.5) |
85 (63.5) |
49 (36.5) |
|
|
Antenatal care |
N = 400 |
N = 266 |
N = 134 |
3.40 |
| No |
32 (8.0) |
26 (81.2) |
6 (18.8) |
0.07 |
| Yes |
368 (92.0) |
240 (65.2) |
128 (34.8) |
|
|
Mode of delivery |
N = 400 |
N = 266 |
N = 134 |
15.36 |
| Vaginal (spontaneous or assisted) |
320 (80.0) |
198 (61.8) |
122 (38.3) |
0.01 |
| Caesarean section (CS) |
80 (20.0) |
68 (85.0) |
12 (15.0) |
|
|
Time from delivery to first feed |
N = 357 |
N = 232 |
N = 125 |
7.24 |
| Within 1 hr |
128 (35.9) |
80 (62.5) |
48 (37.6) |
0.03 |
| 1-6 hrs |
115 (32.2) |
67 (58.2) |
48 (41.7) |
|
| Greater than 6 hrs |
114 (31.9) |
85 (74.5) |
29 (25.5) |
|
|
Infant variables |
|
|
|
|
|
Age of infants (months) |
N = 400 |
N = 266 |
N = 134 |
13.94 |
| Less than 1 |
53 (13.3) |
31 (58.4) |
22 (41.6) |
0.01 |
| 1-2 |
225 (56.2) |
141 (62.6) |
84 (37.4) |
|
| 3-4 |
76 (19.0) |
53 (69.7) |
23 (30.3) |
|
| 5-6 |
46 (11.5) |
41 (89.1) |
5 (10.9) |
|
|
Sex |
N = 400 |
N = 266 |
N = 134 |
0.33 |
| Male |
211 (52.8) |
143 (67.7) |
68 (32.3) |
0.57 |
| Female |
189 (47.2) |
123 (65.0) |
66 (35.0) |
|
|
Birth rank |
N = 400 |
N = 266 |
N = 134 |
|
| First |
126 (31.5) |
92 (73.0) |
34 (27.0) |
6.10 |
| Second |
80 (20.0) |
49 (61.2) |
31 (38.8) |
0.19 |
| Third |
73 (18.2) |
47 (64.3) |
26 (35.7) |
|
| Fourth |
62 (15.5) |
36 (58.0) |
26 (42.0) |
|
| Fifth and higher |
59 (14.8) |
42 (71.1) |
17 (28.9) |
|
|
Colostrum given |
N = 400 |
N = 266 |
N = 134 |
7.78 |
| No |
46 (11.5) |
39 (84.8) |
7 (15.2) |
0.01 |
| Yes |
354 (88.5) |
227 (64.1) |
127 (35.9) |
|
|
Baby’s first feed |
N = 400 |
N = 266 |
N = 134 |
|
| Water and/or water based solutions |
139 (34.8) |
105 (75.5) |
34 (24.5) |
32.86 |
| Breast milk |
194 (48.4) |
103 (53.1) |
91 (46.9) |
0.01 |
| Formula based- milks | 67 (16.8) | 58 (86.7) | 9 (13.3) | |