Table 4.

Regulatory ageing-associated genes in C. elegans and their mammalian homologues.

C. elegans gene	Mammalian homologue
age-1	Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
akt-1, akt-2	Serine/threonine kinase Akt/PKB
daf-12	Nuclear receptor FXR
daf-16	FOXO transcription factor
daf-2	Insulin receptor, IGF-IR, IRR
hsf-1	Heat shock factor 1
ins-1 bis 37	Insulin like peptide, IGF-I, IGF-II
pdk-1	3-Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1
skn-1	Nrf-2 transcription factor

Age: AGEing alteration; akt: AKT kinase family, daf: abnormal DAuer formation; FXR: farnesoid X receptor; FOXO: forkhead box O; IGF: insulin-like growth factor; Nrf: nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; skn: SKiNhead; ins: INSulin related.