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Estimated eigenfunctions (first three components at level 1) from MFPCA for the SHHS data: dense and sparse cases. The four rows correspond to different levels of sparsity, with the number of grid points per function N = 3, 6,12, 24, respectively. The three columns represent the first three principal components, respectively. In each subfigure, solid black lines correspond to estimates from the dense case, while dashed red lines represent estimates from sparse cases.
