Table 3.
Physicians’ and nurses’ knowledge about the causes of antibiotic resistances and antibiotic resistant bacteria
|
Variables |
Physicians (n = 175) |
Nurses (n = 210) |
Total |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes N (%) | Yes N (%) | Yes N (%) | ||
|
Causes of AMR |
|
|
|
|
| Widespread or over use of antibiotics promotes AMR |
162 (92.5) |
147 (70) |
309 (80.5) |
0.001 |
| Usage of broad- spectrum antibiotics promote AMR |
155 (88.5) |
147 (70) |
302 (78.4) |
0. 001 |
| Bacterial mutations cause of AMR |
144 (82.3) |
132 (62.8) |
276 (71.6) |
0.001 |
| Poor hand washing practice in hospitals spread AMR |
68 (38.8) |
90 (42.8) |
158 (41) |
0.56 |
| Poor infection control in hospitals spread AMR |
104 (59.4) |
114 (54.3) |
218 (56.6) |
0.40 |
| Patient poor adherence promote AMR |
160 (91.4) |
171 (81.4) |
331 (86) |
0.002 |
| Sub-standard quality of antibiotics |
138 (78.8) |
158 (75.2) |
296 (76.8) |
0.42 |
|
Examples of antibiotic resistant bacteria in hospitals |
|
|
|
|
| Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) |
39 (22.3) |
5 (2.5) |
44 (11.4) |
0.001 |
| MDR-TB |
7 (4.1) |
85 (40.4) |
92 (23.9) |
0.001 |
|
P. aeruginosa |
10 (5.7) |
0 |
10 (5.7) |
|
|
Local factors for development of AMR |
|
|
|
|
| Self-prescription by patients |
133 (76.0) |
73 (34.7) |
206 (53.5) |
0.001 |
| Lack of access to local antibiogram data |
28 (16.0) |
19 (9.0) |
47 (12.3) |
0.04 |
| Prescribers’ poor awareness on AMR | 27 (15.4) | 8 (3.8) | 35 (9.2) | 0.001 |
Key: AMR: Antimicrobial resistances and MDR-TB: multi-resistant drug resistant tuberculosis.