Table 2.
Hierarchical multiple regression analyses predicting daily cigarette use and nicotine dependence within the group of smokers.
| Smoking |
Dependence |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | SE B | β | B | SE B | β | |
| STEP 1 | ||||||
| Nationality | 1.28 | 0.41 | 0.46** | |||
| Neutral bias (S-AAT) | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.15 | − 0.00 | 0.00 | − 0.22 |
| Neutral bias (Stroop) | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.34* |
| STEP 2 | ||||||
| Approach bias (S-AAT) | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.16 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.11 |
| Attentional bias (e. Stroop) | −0.00 | 0.01 | − 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.67* |
| Positive associations (IAT) | 2.63 | 2.20 | 0.22 | 0.08 | 0.44 | 0.03 |
| Relaxed associations (IAT) | −0.95 | 1.98 | − 0.08 | − 0.15 | 0.39 | − 0.05 |
| Working memory (SOPT) | −21.00 | 11.62 | − 0.30+ | − 0.20 | 2.32 | − 0.01 |
| Inhibition skills (c. Stroop) | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.32* |
| Risk taking (BART) | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.28 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| R2 (step 1) | 0.03 | 0.32** | ||||
| ΔR2 (step 2) | 0.22 | 0.20 | ||||
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, +p = 0.08. Neutral bias S-AAT, non-smoking control photos; neutral bias Stroop, non-smoking words.