Table 3.
Subgroup characteristics (p-values indicating significant group differences are marked in bold).
| Grouping Criteria | Comparison between dyslexic subgroups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Presence/absence of previous language impairment | DD+LI | DD-no LI | F(df), p | |
| N | 10 | 11 | ||
| AGEa | 130.2 (23.90) | 122.6 (20.19) | 0.62 (1.20), 0.442 | |
| IQb | 107.2 (7.24) | 101.0 (8.73) | 3.01 (1.20), 0.099 | |
| READING: accuracyc | −2.14 (0.69) | −3.67 (1.42) | 9.53 (1.20), 0.006 | |
| READING: speedc | −1.74 (1.61) | −2.72 (2.08) | 1.44 (1.20), 0.244 | |
| SHORT−TERM MEMORYd | −0.48 (0.62) | −1.078 (0.45) | 6.01 (1.19), 0.025 | |
| PHONEME DELETIONe | 1.50 (1.43) | 3.27 (2.49) | 3.88 (1.20), 0.064 | |
| PHONEMIC BLENDINGe | 3.50 (2.63) | 5.36 (3.44) | 1.91 (1.20), 0.183 | |
| Type of dyslexia | “Phonological” DD | “Surface” DD | F(df), p | |
| N | 10 | 12 | ||
| AGEa | 128.3 (17.88) | 133.2 (27.71) | 0.236 (1.21), 0.632 | |
| IQb | 102.3 (9.02) | 102.2 (8.07) | 0.00 (1.21), 0.989 | |
| READING: accuracyc | −2.66 (0.85) | −3.51 (1.50) | 2.505 (1.21), 0.129 | |
| READING: speedc | −1.92 (2.32) | −2.76 (1.43) | 1.075 (1.21), 0.312 | |
| NON−WORD READING: accuracyf | −3.52 (1.30) | −2.57 (1.67) | 2.115 (1.21), 0.161 | |
| WORD READING: accuracyf | −1.44 (1.19) | −4.72 (1.96) | 21.225 (1.21), < 0.001 | |
| SHORT−TERM MEMORYd | −1.03 (0.51) | −0.91 (0.39) | 0.331 (1.20), 0.572 | |
| PHONEME DELETIONe | 3.00 (2.45) | 1.67 (1.87) | 2.09 (1.21), 0.163 | |
| PHONEMIC BLENDINGe | 4.00 (2.87) | 5.33 (3.23) | 1.03 (1.21), 0.323 |
a
Age in months;
b
Scores on WISC-R or Cattell's “Culture Free” test:
c
Global scores were created considering both scores on word and non-word reading and on text reading. Mean scores expressed as Z-scores were calculated separately for accuracy and speed;
d
Z-scores;
e
raw scores (number of errors);
f
Z-scores in the word and non-word reading tasks.