Table 1.
Relative density of BDA-labeled fibers in the lower brainstem after tracer injections into different subregions of the dorsolateral hypothalamus.
| Dorsomedial hypothalamic area | Perifornical area | Lateral hypothalamic area | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PeV | DMN | DMH | PeFr | PeFcm | PeFcl | LHv | LHd | |
| PERIAQUEDUCTAL GRAY | ||||||||
| Periaqueductal gray, ventrolateral part | ++ | ++ | ++ | +++ | +++ | ++ | ++ | + |
| Periaqueductal gray, lateral part | +++ | + | ++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | ++ | + |
| Periaqueductal gray, dorsomedial part | ++ | + | + | ± | + | ± | − | ± |
| Periaqueductal gray, dorsolateral part | + | + | + | + | ++ | − | ± | + |
| SOMATO- AND VISCEROMOTOR NUCLEI | ||||||||
| Oculomotor nucleus | ± | − | + | ± | ± | − | − | − |
| Trochlear nucleus | ± | − | ± | ± | + | ± | + | ± |
| Paratrochlear nucleus | − | − | ± | ± | + | + | + | − |
| Abducens nucleus | − | − | − | − | ± | ± | − | ± |
| Precuneiform area | + | − | + | + | ++ | + | − | − |
| Motor trigeminal nucleus | − | − | − | ± | ± | ± | − | ± |
| Motor facial nucleus | − | − | − | − | − | ± | − | − |
| Perifacial zone | − | − | − | ± | + | + | + | + |
| Ambiguus nucleus | ± | − | ± | ± | − | ± | ± | ± |
| Retroambiguus nucleus | − | − | ± | − | ± | ± | + | − |
| Hypoglossal nucleus | − | − | − | ± | ± | ± | + | ± |
| Edinger-Westphal nucleus | + | ± | ± | + | + | + | + | + |
| Superior salivatory nucleus | ± | − | + | + | + | ± | + | + |
| Inferior salivatory nucleus | − | − | − | + | − | ± | ± | − |
| Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus | − | + | − | + | + | ± | + | + |
| SOMATO- AND VISCEROSENSORY NUCLEI | ||||||||
| Spinal trigeminal nucleus | − | − | − | − | − | ± | ± | − |
| Supratrigeminal nucleus | − | − | − | + | + | + | + | ± |
| Peritrigeminal zone | − | − | ± | ± | ± | ± | ± | − |
| Nucleus of the solitary tract | + | ± | − | + | ± | ± | + | ± |
| Trigeminal-solitary transition zone | − | − | − | + | ± | ± | − | + |
| Sagulum nucleus | − | − | − | − | − | ± | − | − |
| Juxtaolivary nucleus | − | − | − | − | + | ± | ± | − |
| Superior olive (lateral) | − | − | − | + | − | − | − | − |
| Caudal periolivary nucleus | − | − | − | − | ± | − | − | − |
| Nucleus of the trapezoid body | − | − | − | − | ± | − | − | − |
| Nuclei of the lateral lemniscus | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | − |
| Perilemniscal nucleus, ventral part | − | − | − | − | ± | ± | − | ± |
| Medial vestibular nucl., magnocell. part | − | − | − | + | ± | ± | − | − |
| Supragenual nucleus | ± | − | − | ± | − | − | ± | − |
| MONOAMINE CELL GROUPS | ||||||||
| Dorsal raphe nucleus | + | + | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | + |
| Median raphe nucleus | ± | + | ± | ± | + | + | ± | − |
| Rhabdoid nucleus | − | − | ± | − | ± | ± | − | + |
| Pontine raphe nucleus | − | − | ± | − | + | + | + | ± |
| Raphe magnus nucleus | + | + | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ± |
| Raphe pallidus nucleus | ++ | + | − | + | ++ | ++ | + | + |
| Parapyramidal nucleus | − | − | − | ± | ± | ± | ± | ± |
| Raphe obscurus nucleus | + | − | ± | + | + | + | ± | ± |
| Paramedian raphe nucleus | + | ± | ± | ± | + | + | + | ± |
| A1 noradrenaline cell group, rostral part | ++ | − | − | + | ± | + | ++ | − |
| A1 noradrenaline cell group, caudal part | + | + | ± | + | + | + | + | − |
| A2 noradrenaline cell group | + | + | ± | + | + | + | ± | ± |
| A5 noradrenaline cell group | − | − | + | + | + | + | + | ± |
| Locus coeruleus | ++ | + | ± | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | + |
| Subcoeruleus area, dorsal part | + | − | ± | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | ± |
| Subcoeruleus area, ventral part | − | − | ± | + | + | + | ± | ± |
| Subcoeruleus area, alpha part | ± | − | ± | + | + | + | + | + |
| A7 noradrenaline cell group | − | − | + | ± | ± | + | ± | − |
| C1 adrenaline cell group | − | + | ± | ++ | ± | + | + | + |
| C2 adrenaline cell group | − | − | − | ± | + | ± | ± | ± |
| C3 adrenaline cell group | − | − | − | + | ± | − | + | − |
| PONS EXCEPT RETICULAR FORMATION | ||||||||
| Deep mesencephalic nucleus | + | − | ± | − | − | ± | ± | − |
| Medial paralemniscal nucleus | − | − | ± | − | ± | ± | ± | − |
| Pontine nuclei | − | − | − | ± | ± | ± | − | − |
| Barrington's nucleus | +++ | + | + | + | + | + | ± | − |
| Lateral parabrachial nucleus | + | ± | ± | ++ | + | ++ | + | ± |
| Medial parabrachial nucleus | + | + | ± | ++ | + | ++ | + | + |
| Kölliker-Fuse nucleus | − | − | + | ± | ± | + | + | − |
| Ventral tegmental nucleus | + | − | ± | ± | + | + | + | + |
| Dorsal tegmental nucleus, central part | − | − | − | − | ± | − | − | − |
| Dorsal tegmental nucl., pericentral part | − | − | − | ± | + | ± | − | ± |
| Dorsal pedunculopontine nucleus | − | − | − | + | + | − | − | − |
| Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus | + | + | + | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ± |
| Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus | + | − | + | + | + | ++ | +++ | − |
| Dorsomedial tegmental area | + | − | ± | ± | + | + | ± | + |
| Subpeduncular tegmental nucleus | + | ± | ± | ± | + | ± | ++ | − |
| Sphenoid nucleus | − | − | − | − | ± | ± | − | + |
| Interstit. nucl. of the med. longitud. fasc. | − | − | − | − | − | ± | ± | − |
| MEDULLA EXCEPT RETICULAR FORMATION | ||||||||
| Nucleus X | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | ± |
| Inferior olive | − | − | − | ± | − | ± | − | − |
| Epifascicular nucleus | − | − | − | + | ± | ± | − | − |
| Prepositus nucleus | − | − | − | ± | ± | ± | ± | ± |
| Bötzinger complex | − | − | ± | ± | − | ± | + | − |
| Pre-Bötzinger complex | − | − | ± | ± | ± | + | ++ | ± |
| Rostral ventral respiratory group | − | − | ± | ± | − | + | + | + |
| Nucleus of Roller | − | − | − | ± | ± | − | − | − |
| Linear nucleus of the medulla oblongata | − | − | − | ± | − | ± | − | − |
| Parasolitary nucleus | − | − | − | − | − | ± | − | − |
| Central cervical nucl. of the spinal cord | − | − | − | ± | ± | ± | − | ± |
| RETICULAR FORMATION | ||||||||
| Isthmic reticular formation | + | − | + | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | + |
| Pontine reticular nucleus, oral part | + | − | ± | + | ++ | ++ | + | + |
| Pontine reticular nucleus, caudal part | + | ± | ± | + | + | ++ | + | − |
| Pontine reticular nucleus, ventral part | + | − | ± | + | + | + | + | ± |
| Paramedian pontine reticular formation | − | − | ± | − | − | − | ± | ± |
| Parvicellular reticular nucleus | ± | ± | + | ++ | − | − | − | + |
| Parvicellular reticular nucleus, alpha part | + | − | ± | + | + | ± | − | − |
| Reticulotegmental nucleus of the pons | ± | − | − | ± | + | + | − | ± |
| Intermediate reticular nucleus | + | − | + | ++ | + | + | ++ | + |
| Dorsal paragigantocellular nucleus | − | − | − | ± | ± | + | ± | ± |
| Lateral paragigantocellular nucleus | ± | − | ± | ± | + | ++ | ++ | ++ |
| Lateral paragigantocell. nucl., external part | + | ± | − | ± | + | ± | − | + |
| Lateral paragigantocell. nucl., alpha part | − | ± | ± | ± | + | + | + | − |
| Gigantocellular reticular nucleus | − | − | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| Gigantocellular ret. nucleus, alpha part | ± | − | ± | + | + | + | ++ | ± |
| Gigantocellular ret. nucleus, ventral part | + | − | − | ++ | + | + | ± | + |
| Paramedian reticular nucleus | − | − | ± | − | ± | ± | − | − |
| Lateral reticular nucleus | ∓ | − | ± | ± | ± | ± | + | ± |
| Medullary reticular nucleus, dorsal part | + | − | + | + | + | + | + | ± |
| Medullary reticular nucleus, ventral part | − | − | − | + | ± | ± | + | ± |
| BDA FIBERS IN NEURONAL TRACTS OR FASCICULI | ||||||||
| Medial lemniscus | ++ | + | + | ± | + | ++ | + | ± |
| Trigeminothalamic tract | − | − | ± | + | + | ± | ± | − |
| Mesencephalic trigeminal tract | − | − | − | ± | − | − | ± | ± |
| Medial longitudinal fasciculus (midbrain) | − | − | ± | + | ++ | ++ | + | ± |
| Medial longitudinal fasciculus (pons) | − | − | − | ± | ± | ± | − | − |
| Vestibulomesencephalic tract | − | − | − | + | ± | ± | ± | ± |
| Vestibulospinal tract | − | − | − | ± | ± | ± | − | − |
| Tectospinal tract | − | − | ± | ± | ± | ± | ± | + |
| Rubrospinal tract | + | − | − | + | + | ± | ± | − |
| Ventral spinocerebellar tract | − | − | ± | ± | − | − | − | − |
| Facial nerve (intracranial part) | − | − | − | ± | − | − | − | − |
| Superior cerebellar peduncle | + | ± | + | ++ | ++ | + | + | ± |
| Pyramidal tract | − | − | − | ± | − | ± | − | + |
| Solitary tract | − | − | − | ± | − | ± | ± | ± |
DMH, dorsomedial hypothalamus; DMN, dorsomedial nucleus; LHd, dorsal part of the lateral hypothalamic area; LHv, ventral part of the lateral hypothalamic area; PeFcl, lateral part of the caudal perifornical area; PeFcm, medial part of the caudal perifornical area; PeFr, rostral perifornical area; PeV, periventricular area. (Nomenclature in the table is partly based on names used by Paxinos and Watson, 2007.)