Table 2.

Physiological roles of NALCN: lessons from animal models.

Phenotype	Gene	Species	Reference
Locomotor activity	nca1/2, unc-79, unc-80, nlf-1 na, unc-79	C. elegans D. melanogaster	Sedensky and Meneely, 1987; Morgan et al., 1988; Krishnan and Nash, 1990Mir et al., 1997; Rajaram et al., 1999; Guan et al., 2000; Nash et al., 2002; Humphrey et al., 2007; Pierce-Shimomura et al., 2008; Yeh et al., 2008; Xie et al., 2013
Sensitivity to volatile anesthetics	nca1/2, unc-79, unc-80 na, unc-79 unc-79	C. elegans D. melanogaster M. Musculus	Morgan and Cascorbi, 1985; Sedensky and Meneely, 1987; Morgan et al., 1988, 1990 Krishnan and Nash, 1990; Nash et al., 1991; Campbell and Nash, 1994; Mir et al., 1997; Guan et al., 2000; Van Swinderen, 2006; Humphrey et al., 2007 Speca et al., 2010
Sensitivity to ethanol	nca1/2, unc-79, unc-80 Unc-79	C. elegans M. musculus	Morgan and Sedensky, 1995; Speca et al., 2010 Speca et al., 2010
Respiratory rhythm	Nalcn nalcn	M. Musculus L. stagnalis	Lu et al., 2007 Lu and Feng, 2011
Photic control of locomotion, circadian rythms	na, nlf-1, unc-79, unc-80	D. melanogaster	Campbell and Nash, 2001; Nash et al., 2002; Lear et al., 2005, 2013; Ghezzi et al., 2014
Abdominal morphology	na, unc-79	D. melanogaster	Krishnan and Nash, 1990; Mir et al., 1997; Nash et al., 2002; Humphrey et al., 2007
Social clustering	na, nlf-1	D. melanogaster	Burg et al., 2013; Ghezzi et al., 2014
Metabolism	Unc-79	M. musculus	Speca et al., 2010
Ethanol consumption	Unc-79	M. musculus	Speca et al., 2010
Systemic osmoregulation	Nalcn	M. musculus	Sinke et al., 2011
Pacemaker activity	Nalcn	M. musculus	Kim et al., 2012
Hyperactivity	Unc-79	M. musculus	Speca et al., 2010
Reproduction	na	D. melanogaster	Krishnan and Nash, 1990