Table 2B.

Associations between caffeine and energy drink consumption and self-reported metacognition (n = 509).

	Working memory		Planning and organizing		Organization of material		Persistence		MI#
	B (95% CI)	p	B (95% CI)	p	B (95% CI)	p	B (95% CI)	p	B (95% CI)	p
CAFFEINE
<1 per day	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
≥1–2 each day	0.01 (−0.08; 0.09)	0.88	−0.01 (−0.09; 0.07)	0.79	0.01 (−0.08; 0.11)	0.80	−0.02 (−0.11; 0.06)	0.58	0.00 (−0.08; 0.07)	0.91
≥2 each day	0.05 (−0.06; 0.15)	0.38	0.06 (−0.04; 0.15)	0.27	0.11 (−0.01; 0.23)	0.07	0.07 (−0.03; 0.18)	0.18	0.07 (−0.02; 0.16)	0.12
EDs
<1 per day	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
≥1 each day	0.19 (0.06; 0.33)	0.006	0.15 (0.03; 0.28)	0.017	0.20 (0.05; 0.35)	0.011	0.15 (0.01; 0.29)	0.031	0.17 (0.06; 0.29)	0.003
CAFFEINE AND EDs
<1 per day	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
≥1–2 each day	−0.01 (−0.09; 0.07)	0.82	0.00 (−0.08; 0.07)	0.99	0.04 (−0.05; 0.13)	0.39	−0.01 (−0.09; 0.07)	0.80	0.01 (−0.06; 0.07)	0.89
≥2 each day	0.10 (0.01; 0.19)	0.05	0.06 (−0.03; 0.15)	0.18	0.13 (0.03; 0.24)	0.015	0.09 (−0.01; 0.18)	0.08	0.09 (0.01; 0.17)	0.023

Linear regression models adjusted for pubertal status, gender, educational track, number of sleeping problems and hours of sleep. Caffeine, EDs, and caffeine and EDs represent the independent dummy-coded variables in which <1 consumption on average per day represents the reference category; self-reported metacognition measures are the outcome variables. B, the estimate of increase in self-reported metacognition score compared to the reference category; CI, Confidence Interval;

^#MI, Metacognition Index.