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. 2014 May 26;5:219. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00219

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Copyright © 2014 Perianez-Rodriguez, Manzano and Moreno-Risueno.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Auxin and cytokinin signaling modules regulate lateral root and callus formation. Auxin activates lateral root and callus initiation through derepression of AUXIN RESPONSIVE FACTORS (ARF) by INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID (AUX/IAA) proteins. LATERAL BOUNDARIES DOMAIN (LBD) factors are then activated to initiate LR or callus formation. Cytokinin represses lateral root initiation and activates callus formation through type B ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORS (ARR). Auxin and cytokinin regulate cell division through ARF-LBD factors, PROPORZ1 (PRZ1), ENHANCED SHOOT REGENERATION 2 (ESR2), OBF BINDING PROTEIN 1 (OBP1), and type B ARRs. Upon activation, downstream cyclin-dependent protein kinases D (CYCD), the transcription factor E2Fa, and the INHIBITORY PROTEIN (KIP)-RELATED PROTEINS (KRP) regulate progression through the cell cycle during lateral root and callus formation.