Table 2.
Factors associated with culture confirmed bacterial sepsis in patients with VL admitted to Gondar University Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2012 (N = 83).
| Factors | Blood culture (N (%)) | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive | Negative | |||
| Total | 16 (19.3) | 67 (80.7) | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 0 (0.0) | 1 (100.0) | 1.0 | 0.81 |
| Male | 16 (19.5) | 66 (80.5) | Undefined | |
| Age (years) | ||||
| ≥18 | 16 (20.0) | 64 (80.0) | 1.0 | 1.00 |
| <18 | 0 (0.0) | 3 (100.0) | 0.0 (0.0–10.1) | |
| Fever | ||||
| No | 0 (0.0) | 2 (100.0) | 1.0 | 0.61 |
| Yes | 16 (19.8) | 65 (80.2) | Undefined | |
| Tachycardia | ||||
| No | 2 (12.5) | 14 (87.5) | 1.0 | 0.35 |
| Yes | 14 (20.9) | 53 (79.1) | 1.8 (0.3–13.3) | |
| Tachypnea | ||||
| No | 1 (12.5) | 7 (87.5) | 1.0 | 0.51 |
| Yes | 15 (20.0) | 60 (80.0) | 1.7 (0.2–40.7) | |
| Type of VL | ||||
| Primary | 14 (18.2) | 63 (81.8) | 1.0 | 0.33 |
| Relapse | 2 (33.3) | 4 (66.7) | 1.8 (0.5–6.2) | |
| Hospital stay prior to blood culture | ||||
| <72 hours | 12 (19.4) | 50 (80.6) | 1.0 | 0.77 |
| ≥72 hours | 4 (19.0) | 17 (81.0) | 1.0 (0.4–2.7) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||||
| ≥18.5 | 2 (22.2) | 7 (77.8) | 1.0 | 0.55 |
| <18.5 | 14 (18.9) | 60 (81.1) | 0.8 (0.2–3.2) | |
| Focal bacterial infection | ||||
| Absent | 4 (6.1) | 62 (93.9) | 1.0 | <0.01 |
| Present | 12 (70.6) | 5 (29.4) | 11.6 (4.3–31.6) | |
| HIV | ||||
| Negative | 12 (17.1) | 58 (82.9) | 1.0 | 0.21 |
| Positive | 4 (30.8) | 9 (69.2) | 2.1 (0.5–9.6) | |
| Anaemia (Hg < 11 g/dL) | ||||
| No | 1 (6.3) | 11 (91.7) | 1.0 | 0.27 |
| Yes | 15 (21.1) | 56 (78.9) | 2.9 (0.3–65.8) | |
| Thrombocytopenia (Platelet <100 × 109/L) | ||||
| No | 2 (50.0) | 2 (50.0) | 1.0 | 0.17 |
| Yes | 14 (17.7) | 65 (82.3) | 0.2 (0.0–2.4) | |
| Leukopenia (WBC <4 × 109/L) | ||||
| No | 1 (33.3) | 2 (66.7) | 1.0 | 0.48 |
| Yes | 15 (18.8) | 65 (81.2) | 0.5 (0.0–13.8) | |