Table 1.

Selection of studies reporting the association between occult hepatitis B virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma

Ref.	Geographic area	Aetiology
Shafritz et al[65]	South Africa	Unknown
Brechot et al[103]	France	Unknown
Paterlini et al[104]	South Africa, Italy, France and Japan	Unknown
Sheu et al[66]	Taiwan	HCV/cryptogenic
Paterlini et al[68]	France	HCV/cryptogenic
Yu et al[70]	United States	HCV/cryptogenic
Koike et al[72]	Japan	HCV
Kubo et al[73]	Japan	HCV
Huo et al[71]	Taiwan	HCV/cryptogenic
Pollicino et al[52]	Italy	HCV/cryptogenic
Yotsuyanagi et al[75]	Japan	Alcoholic
Donato et al[76]	Italy	HCV/alcoholic
Squadrito et al[105]	Italy	HCV
Ikeda et al[106]	Japan	HCV
Miura et al[107]	Japan	HCV
Obika et al[108]	Japan	HCV
Shetty et al[79]	United States	HCV
Matsuoka et al[109]	Japan	HCV
Kew et al[110]	South Africa	Unknown
Ikeda et al[111]	Japan	Alcoholic/cryptogenic
Chen et al[112]	Taiwan	Cryptogenic
Tamori et al[113]	Japan	HCV
Wong et al[50]	China	Cryptogenic
Kondo et al[114]	Japan	Cryptogenic
Pollicino et al[100]	Italy	Haemochromatosis
Squadrito et al[22]	Italy	HCV
Shi et al[86]	Meta-analysis

HCV: Hepatitis C virus.