Table 2.
Summary of other cases.
| Reference/author journal | Case | HAART regimen | Injection (TCA) | Clinical presentation | Hydrocortisone replacement | Time to recovery |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Yombi et al. Clin Rheumatol 2008 [5] |
54 yo woman | 3TC/DDI/lopinavir-ritonavir | 40 mg (knee) | IACS Hypertension SAI |
20 mg daily | 8 months |
| 56 yo man | D4T/AZT/indinavir-ritonavir | 40 mg (cervical) | IACS SAI |
10 mg daily | 4 months | |
| 49 yo woman | 3TC/DDI/lopinavir-ritonavir | 40 mg (shoulder) | IACS SAI |
None | 5 months | |
|
| ||||||
| Ramanathan et al. [6] CID 2008 |
35 yo man | Tenofovir-emtricitabine/lopinavir-ritonavir | 60 mg and then 80 mg (L spine) | IACS Hypertension Esophageal reflux |
— | 4 months |
|
| ||||||
| Danaher et al. [7] Orthopedics 2009 |
44 yo man | Ritonavir based regimen | 80 mg (hip) | HHS-ICU admission IACS SAI |
Unknown | Unknown |
|
| ||||||
|
Dort et al. [8] AIDS Research and Therapy 2009 |
41 yo man | Tenofovir-emtricitabine, atazanavir-ritonavir | 80 mg twice (epidural) | IACS Hypertension AVN hip (at 11 months) |
None | 6 months |
| 42 yo woman | Tenofovir-emtricitabine, atazanavir-ritonavir | 40 mg (shoulder) | IACS | 30 mg daily (short) | 2 months | |
|
| ||||||
| Levine et al. [9] J Am Acad Dermatol 2011 |
41 yo woman | Lamivudine, tenofovir, atazanavir-ritonavir | 60 mg IM (topical steroid unresponsive nonspecific dermatitis) | IACS SAI |
None | 6 months |
|
| ||||||
| Albert et al. [10] Am J Med Sciences 2012 |
58 yo woman | Tenofovir-emtricitabine, fosamprenavir-ritonavir | Epidural dose is not mentioned | IACS SAI |
None | 2 months |
|
| ||||||
|
Grierson and Harrast [11] Am Acad PMR 2012 |
47 yo woman | Tenofovir-emtricitabine, atazanavir-ritonavir | 80 mg 3 occasions (epidural L spine) | “Lipodystrophy” DM Metabolic syndrome IACS SAI |
20 mg daily (extended taper) | “Several months” |
|
| ||||||
|
Fessler et al. [12] Pain Physician 2012 |
42 yo man | Tenofovir-emtricitabine, atazanavir-ritonavir | 80 mg (lumbar epidural) | Hypertension Acne (on back) |
None | 3 months |
| 47 yo woman | Abacavir, lamivudine, darunavir-ritonavir → changed to abacavir, lamivudine, unboosted fosamprenavir upon dx | 80 mg 2 occasions (lumbar epidural) Also used inhaled fluticasone/salmeterol inhaler for asthma for 5 days |
Weight gain Emotional lability IACS Hypertension Oral candidiasis |
None | 10 weeks (improved) | |
|
| ||||||
|
Maviki et al. [13] Skeletal Radiology 2013 |
39 yo woman | Tenofovir-emtricitabine, darunavir-ritonavir | 40 mg 2 occasions (right L5 nerve root) | IACS Oral candidiasis SAI |
Hydrocortisone “maintenance” | 8 months |
| 47 yo man | Tenofovir-emtricitabine, lopinavir-ritonavir | 80 mg (subacromial, subdeltoid bursa) | IACS Hyperglycemia Weight gain SAI |
Hydrocortisone “maintenance” | 6 months | |
|
| ||||||
| Schwarze-Zander et al. [14] Infection 2013 |
35 yo woman | Tenofovir-emtricitabine, saquinavir-ritonavir → changed to tenofovir-emtricitabine with raltegravir | 6 times 20 mg weekly (L5-S1 periradicular) | IACS Hypokalemia SAI Steroid-induced myopathy Acute herpes zoster (4 week later) |
Hydrocortisone 15 mg/daily-tapered at 8 months Comment: also needed potassium replacement for hypokalemia |
8 months |
|
| ||||||
| Hall et al. [15] Int J STD AIDS 2013 |
53 yo woman | Darunavir-ritonavir Raltegravir |
40 mg (left shoulder) | Hyperglycemia (worse than usual for her controlled DM) Hypertension (worse than prior) IACS Anxiety |
None Comment: needed initiation of insulin for DM previously controlled by metformin |
3 months |
|
| ||||||
| Sadarangani et al. | 48 yo woman | Tenofovir-emtricitabine, atazanavir-ritonavir → changed to tenofovir-emtricitabine with raltegravir | 40 mg triamcinolone epidural injection and 20 mg triamcinolone injection into right trochanteric bursa | Severe esophagitis (erosive, as well as candida and HSV esophagitis) IACS Relative SAI Mood changes-anxiety Weight gain |
None Comment: needed course of fluconazole and valacyclovir as well as extended course therapy with proton pump inhibitor for esophagitis |
3-4 months |
HHS: hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state,
3TC: lamivudine,
DDI: didanosine,
D4T: stavudine,
AZT: zidovudine, and
AVN: avascular necrosis.