Table 1.
Patient Characteristics and Use of Preoperative Chemotherapy
| Patient Characteristic | Preoperative chemotherapy (n=78) n (%) or median (IQR) | No preoperative chemotherapy (n=800) n (%) or median (IQR) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | Male | 57 (74) | 609 (76) | 0.67 |
| Female | 20 (26) | 190 (24) | ||
| Age (years) | 65 (58–73) | 70 (62–77) | 0.001 | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | <18.5 | 1 (1) | 29 (4) | 0.02 |
| 18.5 to 24.9 | 12 (15) | 243 (30) | ||
| 25 – 29.9 | 35 (45) | 279 (35) | ||
| ≥ 30 | 30 (38) | 249 (31) | ||
| Race | African American | 2 (3) | 36 (5) | 0.55 |
| Hispanic | 3 (4) | 16 (2) | ||
| Other | 0 (0) | 6 (1) | ||
| White | 67 (93) | 650 (92) | ||
| Preoperative creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 1.0 (0.9–1.3) | 0.13 | |
| Creatinine Clearancea | 76.5 (58.0–95.1) | 71.9 (55.6–97.6) | 0.44 | |
| Resident present in OR | Yes | 62 (82) | 475 (69) | 0.02 |
| No | 14 (18) | 217 (31) | ||
| Year of operation | 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, or 2009 | 11 (14) | 266 (33) | <0.001 |
| 2010 or 2011 | 67 (86) | 534 (67) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus treated with oral agents or insulin | Diabetic treated with insulin | 1 (1) | 45 (6) | 0.007 |
| Diabetic treated with oral agents | 5 (6) | 119 (15) | ||
| Not diabetic | 72 (92) | 636 (80) | ||
| Smoker in past year | Yes | 21 (27) | 210 (26) | 0.90 |
| No | 57 (73) | 590 (74) | ||
| More than 2 alcoholic drinks in 2 weeks prior to admission | Yes | 4 (5) | 32 (4) | 0.55 |
| No | 74 (95) | 768 (96) | ||
| Functional status | At least partially dependent | 1 (1) | 20 (3) | 1.00 |
| Independent | 77 (99) | 780 (98) | ||
| One or more pulmonary comorbiditiesb | Yes | 9 (12) | 142 (18) | 0.17 |
| No | 69 (88) | 658 (82) | ||
| One or more cardiac comorbiditiesc | Yes | 12 (15) | 124 (16) | 0.98 |
| No | 66 (85) | 676 (85) | ||
| Hypertension requiring medication | Yes | 40 (51) | 468 (59) | 0.22 |
| No | 38 (49) | 332 (42) | ||
| Preoperative acute renal failure | Yes | 1 (1) | 6 (1) | 0.48 |
| No | 77 (99) | 794 (99) | ||
| Preoperative dialysis | Yes | 0 (0) | 1 (0.1) | 1.00 |
| No | 78 (100) | 799 (100) | ||
| One or more vascular comorbiditiesd | Yes | 0 (0) | 11 (1) | 0.61 |
| No | 78 (100) | 789 (99) | ||
| One or more neurological comorbiditiese | Yes | 2 (3) | 46 (6) | 0.30 |
| No | 76 (97) | 754 (94) | ||
| Steroid use for chronic condition | Yes | 4 (5) | 18 (2) | 0.12 |
| No | 74 (95) | 782 (98) | ||
| Greater than 10% loss in body weight in the last 6 months | Yes | 3 (4) | 27 (3) | 0.74 |
| No | 75 (96) | 773 (97) | ||
| Bleeding disorder | Yes | 4 (5) | 23 (3) | 0.29 |
| No | 74 (95) | 777 (97) | ||
| Radiotherapy for malignancy in last 90 days | Yes | 2 (3) | 2 (0.3) | 0.04 |
| No | 76 (97) | 798 (100) | ||
| Prior operation within 30 days | Yes | 4 (5) | 50 (6) | 1.00 |
| No | 74 (95) | 748 (94) | ||
| ASA classification | ASA 1 | 0 (0) | 8 (1) | 0.046 |
| ASA 2 | 26 (33) | 202 (25) | ||
| ASA 3 | 52 (67) | 543 (68) | ||
| ASA 4 | 0 (0) | 47 (6) | ||
| Transfused more than 4 units pRBCs in 72 hours prior to surgery | Yes | 6 (8) | 22 (3) | 0.03 |
| No | 72 (92) | 778 (97) | ||
| Operative time (min) | 366 (277–466) | 320 (250–405) | 0.007 |
a
Cockcroft-Gault method, mL/min
b
Dyspnea, ventilator dependence, COPD, and/or pneumonia
c
CHF, MI, angina, PCI, and/or previous cardiac surgery
d
Revascularization and/or rest pain
e
Coma, hemiplegia, TIA, CVA with neurological deficit, CVA without neurological deficit, tumor involving CNS, paraplegia, and/or quadriplegia