Table 4.
Subject Characteristics in the Hispanic Cohort
| LOF (n=21) | Control (n=28) | GOF (n=20) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y)a | 10.5 ± 3.5 | 11.2 ± 3.9 | 10.5 ± 3.3 | 0.77 |
| Sex (% female)b | 47.6 | 42.9 | 45.0 | 0.95 |
| BMIa | 27.4 ± 10.4 | 24.4 ± 6.0 | 24.1 ± 6.9 | 0.31 |
| BMI-Za | 1.89 ± 1.11 | 1.48 ± 1.04 | 1.36 ± 1.04 | 0.25 |
| Total Body Fat (%)a | 34.9 ± 9.1 | 32.3 ± 7.9 | 33.1 ± 9.3 | 0.61 |
| Serum leptin (ng/mL)c | 16.8 [6.5–33.1] | 13.2 [6.1–19.1] | 13.8 [5.1–20.6] | 0.50 |
| Plasma BDNF (ng/mL)c | 4.0 [2.3–6.4] | 3.3 [2.4–4.2] | 4.4 [2.9–6.4] | 0.45 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BMI-Z, standard deviation score for BMI by age and sex,32 BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; LOF, subjects with loss-of-function MC4R variant; GOF, subjects with gain-of-function MC4R; SD, standard deviation; ANOVA, analysis of variance.
a
Mean ± SD shown. ANOVAs compared groups.
b
Chi-square test compared percentages among groups.
c
Median [interquartile range: 25th to 75th percentile] shown because non-normal distribution. Nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis tests compared groups.