Table 3.
Prediction of adult functional outcome unadjusted and adjusted for age and sex by logistic regression analyses
| (n = 250) | Low education | Work disability | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Likelihood of ‘not completed high school’a | Likelihood of ‘being out of work last year’a | |||
| Unadjusted OR (CI) | Adjusted OR (CI) | Unadjusted OR (CI) | Adjusted OR (CI) | |
| Age (years) | Not in equation | Not in equation | 1.04 (1.01–1.07)** | 1.04 (1.01–1.06)** |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1.0 | Ref. | 1.0 | Ref. |
| Female | 0.7 (0.43–1.17) | 0.7 (0.43–1.17) | 2.0 (1.23–3.36)** | 1.8 (1.10–3.08)* |
| Childhood factors | ||||
| Educational psychology services | 2.1 (1.18–3.74)* | 0.5 (0.28–0.90)* | 1.0 (0.56–1.68) | Not in equation |
| Risk to get into fights (M.I.N.I.b) | 2.0 (1.18–3.43)** | 1.9 (1.14–3.34)* | 0.8 (0.48–1.36) | – |
| WURS-25 categorye | ||||
| Low category (<40) | 1.0 | Ref. | 1.0 | – |
| Moderate (40–70) | 1.0 (0.50–2.01) | 0.9 (0.46–1.88) | 1.5 (0.74–3.03) | – |
| High (≥70) | 3.0 (1.26–7.13)** | 3.0 (1.24–7.05)** | 1.5 (0.69–3.54) | – |
| WURS medical | 1.0 (0.94–1.06) | Not in equation | 1.1 (1.002–1.13)* | 1.0 (0.99–1.11) |
| Number of ADHD hyperactive–impulsive symptoms in childhoodd | 1.2 (1.05–1.30)** | 1.1 (1.01–1.26)* | 0.9 (0.82–1.02) | Not in equation |
| Adult factors | ||||
| Comorbid disordersb | Not in equation | Not in equation | 1.6 (1.28–2.04)*** | 1.6 (1.27–2.06)*** |
| Number of persistent ADHD Inattention symptoms in adulthoodd | – | – | 1.2 (1.005–1.36)* | 1.2 (1.002–1.38)* |
| ASRS inattention scoree | ||||
| Low category (<24) | – | – | 1.0 | Ref. |
| Moderate (24–31) | – | – | 1.5 (0.86–2.77) | 1.5 (0.81–2.73) |
| High (≥31) | – | – | 2.7 (1.26–5.59)** | 2.5 (1.16–5.38)* |
Statistically significant estimates of OR are in bold
* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, OR (95 % CI), logistic regression, sig. two-tailed
aLogistic regression, specified variables entered in the equation, unadjusted odds ratio (OR) estimated by entering factors one at a time in the equation. Probability stepwise for entry 0.05, removal 0.10. Education status is adjusted only for gender, and work status is adjusted for age and gender
bNumber of disorders by the Mini International Nevropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) plus version for DSM-IV
cWURS—25 category: WURS—25 score <40 → low (ref.), score between 40 and 70 → moderate and score ≥70 → high
dNumber of ADHD symptoms by DIVA (DSM-IV ADHD criteria) of childhood and adulthood assessed separately
eAdult ADHD Self-report Scale, subscale of 9 ADHD inattentive symptoms (score range 0–36); inattention category by quartiles: score <24 → low (ref.)