Fig. 1.

Expression of cytokines in porcine intestinal epithelial (PIE) cells after stimulation with heat-stable Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). PIE cells were pretreated with Bifidobacterium breve MCC-117 or Bifidobacterium adolescentis ATCC15705 for 48 hours and, stimulated with heat-stable ETEC PAMP and then the expression of MCP-1, IL-6 and IL-8 was studied at hour 12 post stimulation. The results represent four independent experiments. Significantly different from control: *p<0.05; **p<0.01.