Table 3.

Exposure estimates and provisional technique guide.

Anatomic region	Exam1	kVp	Fuchs’ dimensions, 1948		Modern dimensions		Change in ESE2(%)
						ESE (mR)		Exposure (mAs)	ESE (mR)	mAs
Fifth finger	AP/PA	45	2	1.16	1	0.84	−30
	LAT	45	2	1.16	1	0.88	−26
Third finger	AP/PA	45	2	1.16	2	0.90	−24
	LAT	45	2	1.16	2	0.94	−20
Thumb	AP/PA	45	2	1.16	2	0.90	−24
	LAT	45	2	1.16	2	0.99	−16
Hand	AP/PA	45	3	1.53	4	2.21	+49
	LAT	45	8	4.31	12	6.09	+46
Wrist	AP/PA	45	3	1.72	2	1.39	−20
	LAT	45	5	2.72	4	2.16	−22
Elbow	LAT	50	7	2.49	5	2.05	−19
Upper arm	AP	65	25	4.54	33	5.84	+33
	LAT	65	25	4.54	33	5.84	+33
Foot	AP/PA	45	5	2.73	6	3.04	+13
	LAT	45	7	3.39	10	4.88	+49
Ankle	LAT	50	6	2.23	5	2.09	−7
Leg	AP	60	9	1.98	12	2.53	+32
	LAT	60	7	1.66	12	2.53	+61
Knee	LAT	60	8	1.81	7	1.70	−7
Thigh	AP	70	84	11.2	109	14.0	+30
	LAT	70	70	9.51	180	21.5	+157
Vertebrae C1–C3	AP	65	59	9.66	52	8.59	−13
Vertebrae C4–C7	AP	65	54	8.88	52	8.59	−4
Cervical spine	LAT	65	44	7.51	66	10.7	+50
Thoracic spine	AP	75	57	5.58	103	8.72	+80
	LAT	80	130	8.96	177	11.3	+36
Lumbar spine	AP	75	170	17.5	261	25.2	+54
	LAT	90	592	33.2	527	30.2	−11
Pelvis (F)	${\text{AP}}^{*}$	80	179	15.8	379	29.9	+112
Pelvis (M)	${\text{AP}}^{*}$	80	179	15.8	272	22.6	+52
Skull	PA	75	155	16.2	144	15.2	−7
	LAT	65	95	14.7	87	13.5	−9
Sinuses-frontal	PA	70	177	21.2	164	19.9	−7
Sinuses-maxillary	PA	70	194	23.0	184	21.9	−5
Sinuses	LAT	70	77	10.3	77	10.3	0
Mandible	${\text{LAT}}^{*}$	80	32	3.63	32	3.63	0
Chest	PA	125	17	2.81	25	3.91	+48
	LAT	125	31	4.64	40	5.85	+31

¹An asterisk indicates that the kVp for this examination was obtained from FujiFilm exposure recommendations because it was not specified in the Philips technique guide.

²Percentage changes were calculated from original ESEs before rounding.