Table I.
Country (ref.) | Species | Antibiotic(s) | Intervention/evaluation | Study design | Resistance frequency |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Finland (21) | S. pyogenes | Macrolides | Nationwide/nationwide | Prospective | Decrease |
Island (22) | S. pneumoniae | β-lactams and more | Nationwide/nationwide | Prospective | Decrease |
Great Britain (62,63) | E. coli | SXT | Nationwide/local | Retrospective | Increase |
Great Britain (64) | E. coli | streptomycin | Nationwide/local | Retrospective | No effect |
Sweden (59) | E. coli | TMP, SXT | County/county | Prospective | Marginal effect |
Great Britain (65) | E. coli | AMP, TMP, and more | PHC/PHC | Retrospective | Decrease |
Israel (66) | E. coli | FQX | County/county | Retrospective | Decrease |
AMP = Ampicillin; FQX = Fluoroquinolones; SXT = Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; TMP = Trimethoprim.