Table I.
Studies evaluating the effect on resistance rates of large-scale reductions in antibiotic use in the community.
| Country (ref.) | Species | Antibiotic(s) | Intervention/evaluation | Study design | Resistance frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Finland (21) | S. pyogenes | Macrolides | Nationwide/nationwide | Prospective | Decrease |
| Island (22) | S. pneumoniae | β-lactams and more | Nationwide/nationwide | Prospective | Decrease |
| Great Britain (62,63) | E. coli | SXT | Nationwide/local | Retrospective | Increase |
| Great Britain (64) | E. coli | streptomycin | Nationwide/local | Retrospective | No effect |
| Sweden (59) | E. coli | TMP, SXT | County/county | Prospective | Marginal effect |
| Great Britain (65) | E. coli | AMP, TMP, and more | PHC/PHC | Retrospective | Decrease |
| Israel (66) | E. coli | FQX | County/county | Retrospective | Decrease |
AMP = Ampicillin; FQX = Fluoroquinolones; SXT = Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; TMP = Trimethoprim.