Table 1.

PICO criteria used for the systematic literature search

PICO criteria	Definition
Patient Intervention	Medical nutrition/oral or enteral formulas; FSMP; medical food; ONS; oral nutrition; enteral nutrition; total EN; nutrition/nutritional intervention; support; supplements; formulas
Comparison	Patients with versus those without medical nutritionals/FSMP/medical food/ONS/PN or TPN; potentially secondary prevention
Outcomes	Cost(s), cost-effectiveness, cost per QALY, cost saving, cost of illness, cost minimization, health economics; willingness to pay; (re)-hospitalization; morbidity and mortality; complications; utility

Abbreviations: PICO, patient, intervention, comparison, and outcomes; FSMP, food for special medical purposes; ONS, oral nutrition supplements; EN, enteral nutrition; PN, parenteral nutrition; TPN, total parenteral nutrition; QALY, quality-adjusted life year.