Table 4.

Separate multivariate linear regression models for the relationship between individual serum carotenoids and total carotenoids with FEV₁ among women in the Women's Health and Aging Study I

Characteristic	Model 1, adjusted for age, race, education		Model 2, adjusted for age, race, education, MMSE, anemia, IL-6		Model 3, adjusted for age, race, education, MMSE, anemia, IL-6, chronic diseases1
	Beta (SE)	P	Beta (SE)	P	Beta (SE)	P
Log α-carotene (μmol/L)	0.050 (0.019)	0.009	0.043 (0.021)	0.04	0.050 (0.018)	0.005
Log β-carotene (μmol/L)	0.055 (0.021)	0.01	0.045 (0.023)	0.04	0.046 (0.020)	0.02
Log β-cryptoxanthin (μmol/L)	0.032 (0.021)	0.13	0.024 (0.022)	0.28	0.024 (0.019)	0.21
Log lutein/zeaxanthin (μmol/L)	0.015 (0.034)	0.66	−0.013 (0.036)	0.72	−0.004 (0.032)	0.89
Log lycopene (μmol/L)	0.029 (0.025)	0.25	0.009 (0.026)	0.73	0.013 (0.023)	0.58
Log total carotenoids (μmol/L)	0.084 (0.034)	0.02	0.056 (0.037)	0.13	0.057 (0.033)	0.08

¹Chronic diseases include congestive heart failure, peripheral artery disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.