Table 2. Associations of having at least A2 albuminuria in at least two of the three urine samples in the Renal Risk in Derby cohort (n with 3 uACR results = 1736).
| Univariate | Multivariate † | Multivariate †† | |||||
| OR (95%CI) | p | OR (95%CI) | p | OR (95%CI) | p | ||
| Gender (compared to female) | Male | 3.42 (2.61–4.48) | <0.001 | 2.96 (2.17–4.03) | <0.001 | 3.06 (2.23–4.19) | <0.001 |
| Age (as continuous) | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 0.20 | 0.99 (0.97–1.00) | 0.08 | 0.99 (0.97–1.00) | 0.10 | |
| Deprivation (compared to Quintile 5, least deprived) | Quintile 1 (most deprived) | 0.98 (0.57–1.69) | 0.18* | - | - | - | - |
| Quintile 2 | 1.10 (0.74–1.62) | - | - | - | - | ||
| Quintile 3 | 0.97 (0.64–1.49) | - | - | - | - | ||
| Quintile 4 | 1.45 (1.00–2.10) | - | - | - | - | ||
| Education (compared to Group 1, people with no formal qualifications) | Group 2 (GCSE,Alevel,NVQ1-3) | 0.72 (0.52–0.99) | 0.02* | 0.73 (0.50-1.07) | 0.18* | - | - |
| Group 3 (1st or higher degree,NVQ4-5) | 0.58 (0.39–0.85) | 0.69 (0.45-1.06) | - | - | |||
| eGFR at study entry (compared to eGFR 45–59) | <30 | 4.65 (2.09–10.37) | <0.001* | 3.24 (1.27–8.28) | <0.001* | 3.13 (1.21–8.06) | <0.001* |
| 30–44 | 2.59 (1.94–3.47) | 2.17 (1.57–3.00) | 2.06 (1.48–2.85) | ||||
| >60 | 0.40 (0.26–0.63) | 0.42 (0.25–0.69) | 0.47 (0.29–0.79) | ||||
| Diabetes (compared to people without diabetes) | People with diabetes | 2.68 (1.99–3.60) | <0.001 | - | - | 2.14 (1.53–3.00) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension (compared to people without hypertension) | People with hypertension | 3.14 (1.76–5.59) | <0.001 | - | - | 1.80 (0.95–3.40) | 0.07 |
| History of CVD (compared to people without CVD) | People with CVD history | 1.44 (1.11–1.88) | <0.01 | - | - | - | - |
| Smoking (compared to never smokers) | Current smokers | 2.88 (1.70–4.89) | <0.001* | - | - | 1.80 (0.95–3.40) | 0.19* |
| Ex-smokers | 1.56 (1.18–2.06) | - | - | 1.04 (0.75–1.44) | |||
| BMI (compared to normal BMI) | Overweight | 0.90 (0.63–1.26) | 0.44* | - | - | - | - |
| Obese | 0.86 (0.60–1.22) | - | - | - | - | ||
| Central obesity (compared to people not centrally obese) | Central obesity | 0.96 (0.67–1.37) | 0.80 | - | - | - | - |
| Elevated lipid ratio (compared to people with normal ratio) | Total cholesterol/HDL>4.5 | 1.38 (1.00–1.89) | 0.05 | - | - | - | - |
| High sensitivity CRP (log transformed, as continuous) | 1.88 (1.41–2.51) | <0.001 | 1.74 (1.28–2.37) | <0.001 | 1.70 (1.25–2.32) | 0.001 | |
†
Model adjusted for age, sex, education, eGFR, HsCRP.
††
Model adjusted for age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, eGFR, HsCRP.
*p value shown for variables with more than one group is p for trend.