Table 3.
Association between maternal fish intake during pregnancy and child asthma diagnosis and wheeze symptoms at 18 months in the Danish National Birth Cohort
| Categories of fish intake | Cases/N(%) | Doctor-diagnosed asthma N=21,293/16,867 OR (95% CI) | P for trend1 | Cases/N(%) | Recurrent wheeze2 N=21,344/16,905 OR (95% CI) | P for trend1 | Cases/N(%) | Ever wheeze N=21,397/16,950 OR (95% CI) | P for trend1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Warm meal and sandwich each week, high frequency | crude | 360/2,448 (15) | <0·0001 | 199/2,456 (8) | 0·0002 | 634/2,457 (26) | <0·0001 | |||
| adjusted* | 293/1,992 (15) | 1·00 (ref.) | 0·001 | 167/1,997 (8) | 1·00 (ref.) | 0·28 | 531/2001 (27) | 1·00 (ref.) | 0·20 | |
| Warm meal and sandwich each week, low frequency | crude | 760/5,074 (15) | 1·02 (0·89, 1·17) | 393/5,098 (8) | 0·95 (0·79, 1·13) | 1,280/5,110 (25) | 0·96 (0·86, 1·07) | |||
| adjusted* | 600/4,095 (15) | 1·00 (0·86, 1·17) | 314/4,113 (24) | 0·91 (0·75, 1·11) | 1,017/4,124 (25) | 0·91 (0·81, 1·03) | ||||
| Warm meal each month, sandwich each week | crude | 1,297/7,850 (17) | 1·15 (1·01, 1·30) | 665/7,860 (8) | 1·05 (0·89, 1·24) | 2,130/7,883 (27) | 1·07 (0·96, 1·18) | |||
| adjusted* | 995/6,214 (16) | 1·06 (0·92, 1·22) | 488/6,223 (8) | 0·88 (0·73, 1·06) | 1,617/6,243 (26) | 0·95 (0·84, 1·06) | ||||
| Warm meal and sandwich each month / less than each month | crude | 905/4,904 (18) | 1·31 (1·15, 1·50) | 438/4,912 (9) | 1·11 (0·93, 1·32) | 1,427/4,925 (29) | 1·17 (1·05, 1·31) | |||
| adjusted* | 698/3,803 (18) | 1·19 (1·02, 1·38) | 346/3,808 (9) | 0·98 (0·80, 1·20) | 1,087/3,816 (28) | 1·04 (0·92, 1·18) | ||||
| Zero intake | crude | 229/1,017 (23) | 1·69 (1·40, 2·03) | 125/1,018 (12) | 1·59 (1·25, 2·01) | 313/1,022 (31) | 1·27 (1·08, 1·49) | |||
| adjusted* | 167/763 (22) | 1·30 (1·05. 1·63) | 95/764 (12) | 1·24 (0·94, 1·64) | 224/767 (29) | 0·98 (0·81, 1·19) |
*
Model adjusted for maternal age, smoking, parity, prepregnancy BMI, physical activity, breastfeeding, socioeconomic status, maternal history of asthma and allergies, paternal history of asthma and allergies, and child sex.
1
P-value for trend estimated by modeling exposure as an ordinal variable.
2
Recurrent wheeze defined as >3 episodes in the past 18 months vs. <=3 episodes or no reported wheeze in the past 18 months.