Table 3.
Additional neurodevelopmental outcomes of children with and without tracheostomies
| Tracheostomy n=304 | No tracheostomy n=8,379 | OR Adjusted for Center Only (95% CI) | OR Adjusted for Predictors and Centerd (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cognitivec | ||||
| Bayley-III Cognitive <70a | 41/80 (51) | 182/2260 (8) | 11.7 (7.2, 18.9) | 4.9 (2.8, 8.6) |
| Languagec | ||||
| Bayley-III Language <8a | 58/66 (88) | 1087/2224 (49) | 8.3 (3.9, 17.9) | 5.0 (2.2, 11.2) |
| Expressive <7a | 78% | 36% | ||
| Receptive <7a | 70% | 42% | ||
| Bayley-III Language <70a | 46/66 (70) | 385/2224 (17) | 11.4 (6.5, 19.8) | 6.7 (3.6, 12.2) |
| Expressive <4a | 41% | 8% | ||
| Receptive <4a | 24% | 8% | ||
| Social/Emotional | ||||
| BITSEA Competence ≥25%ilea | 62/175 (35) | 1188/6477 (18) | 2.5 (1.8, 3.5) | 1.8 (1.3, 2.6) |
| BITSEA Problem ≥15%ileb | 64/188 (34) | 2319/6548 (35) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.2) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.2) |
Data are displayed as n (%) or %.
a
Bivariate comparison p<0.001.
b
Bivariate comparison p=0.01.
c
Children born before 1/1/2006 were tested with the Bayley-II, and children born after 1/1/2006 were tested with the Bayley-III. Expected mean score on the Bayley test is 100, with standard deviation of 15 points. Expected mean score for the language subscales of the Bayley-III is 10, with standard deviation of 3 points.
d
Odds ratio was adjusted for center, birth weight, sex, race, time period, antenatal steroids, BPD, prolonged ventilation, syndromes and/or major malformations, PDA ligation, sepsis, brain injury, NEC, and severe ROP.