Table 3.
Characteristics of surgical patients (n=422 730) in the study hospitals
| Number (%) | |
|---|---|
| Men | 189 815 (45%) |
| Emergency admissions | 141 584 (34%) |
| Inpatient deaths within 30 days of admission | 5381 (1·3%) |
| Surgical categories | |
| General surgery | 162 974 (39%) |
| Orthopaedic surgery | 220 301 (52%) |
| Vascular surgery | 39 455 (9%) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Cancer | 15 297 (4%) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 7400 (2%) |
| Congestive heart failure | 10 274 (2%) |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 28 373 (7%) |
| Dementia | 5744 (1%) |
| Diabetes with complications | 6478 (2%) |
| Diabetes without complications | 35 450 (8%) |
| AIDS/HIV | 50 (0%) |
| Metastatic carcinoma | 17 911 (4%) |
| Myocardial infarction | 12 002 (3%) |
| Mild liver disease | 5953 (1%) |
| Moderate or severe liver disease | 1354 (0%) |
| Paraplegia and hemiplegia | 2043 (1%) |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 2323 (1%) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 12 452 (3%) |
| Renal disease | 10 085 (2%) |
| Connective tissue disease or rheumatic disease | 6962 (2%) |