Table 3.

Subjective Sleepiness, Sleep Habits and Sleep Hygiene by Term Status^†

	Full-term (n=284)	Preterm (n=217)	p-value	Effect Size
Subjective Sleepiness
Modified ESS	8.2 ± 3.7	6.8 ± 3.9	<0.001	0.39
ESS > 10	90 (31.8%)	37 (17.1%)	<0.001	0.17
Adolescent Sleep Wake Scale*
Total sleep quality	4.39 ± 0.63	4.44 ± 0.61	0.34	0.09
Going to bed	4.17 ± 1.03	4.12 ± 1.02	0.62	0.05
Falling asleep	4.53 ± 0.84	4.46 ± 0.86	0.35	0.09
Maintaining sleep	4.79 ± 0.87	4.83 ± 0.76	0.54	0.06
Reinitiating sleep	5.15 ± 0.63	5.18 ± 0.64	0.54	0.06
Returning to wakefulness	3.30 ± 1.08	3.61 ± 1.08	0.002	0.29
Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale *
Total sleep hygiene	4.30 ± 0.70	4.32 ± 0.58	0.81	0.02
Physiological	4.70 ± 0.86	4.76 ± 0.79	0.40	0.08
Cognitive/Emotional	4.36 ± 0.94	4.36 ± 0.97	0.99	0.00
Behavioral Arousal	3.47 ± 1.19	3.40 ± 1.23	0.56	0.05
Sleep Environment	5.06 ± 0.81	5.04 ± 0.77	0.78	0.03
Daytime Sleep	4.71 ± 1.22	4.84 ± 1.06	0.21	0.11
Sleep Stability	3.52 ± 1.17	3.50 ± 1.06	0.83	0.02

^*higher scores are better

^†Normally distributed measures: mean ± SD and Cohen’s D effect size shown; Categorical measures: N (%) and Cramer’s V effect size reported.