TABLE 2.
Practice Characteristics: Comparing Early- and Late-Phase Practices
| Early-Phase, 16 Practices | Late-Phase, 14 Practices | Intracluster Coefficient | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Practice type, no. of practices | |||
| Community clinic | 2 | 7 | — |
| Hospital-owned | 8 | 4 | — |
| Physician- or physician group-owned | 6 | 5 | — |
| Specialty, no. of practices | |||
| Family medicine | 2 | 1 | — |
| Pediatrics | 14 | 13 | — |
| County, no. of practices | |||
| Cuyahoga (Cleveland) | 11 | 11 | — |
| Surrounding counties | 5 | 3 | — |
| Percentage of pediatric patients enrolled in Medicaid | |||
| 20%–40% | 8 | 7 | — |
| >40% | 8 | 7 | — |
| Health records, no. of practices | |||
| Electronic | 9 | 6 | — |
| Paper | 7 | 8 | — |
| Clinicians, physicians, and nurse practitioners (n = 102) | |||
| No. of clinicians per practice, mean (range, SD) | 3.50 (1–10, 2.34) | 3.64 (1–9, 2.27) | — |
| No. of clinician FTEs per practice, mean (range, SD) | 2.27 (0.9–7.0,1.67) | 1.98 (1.0–3.9, 0.83) | — |
| Female gender, % | 69.8 | 67.3 | |
| Years since professional degree, mean (SD) | 20.71 (8.57) | 24.45 (7.55) | — |
| Nonclinician staff FTEs per practice, mean (SD) | 4.74 (3.97) | 3.14 (1.67) | — |
| Well-child visit–level characteristics from chart reviews | |||
| Age at well-child visit, y, mean/cluster (SD) | 6.73 (0.31) | 7.30 (1.09) | — |
| Number eligible visits/cluster/data collection, mean (SD) | 91.84 (15.46) | 92.57 (10.39) | N/A |
| Eligible for obesity screening and counseling | 68.62 (12.34) | 72.24 (11.51) | 0.15 |
| Eligible for lead screening | 26.71 (9.79) | 22.95 (10.11) | 0.27 |
| Eligible for fluoride varnish | 19.11 (12,64) | 21.67 (7.75) | 0.16 |
| Baseline preventive service delivery, unadjusted, % | |||
| Obesity screening and counseling | 5.2 | 5.6 | — |
| Lead screening | 61.3 | 67.8 | — |
| Fluoride varnish | 0 | 0.9 | — |
FTE, full-time equivalent; —, not applicable.