Appendix B.
Adverse Events, Codes, and Counts of Major, Minor, and Surgical Complications
| Type | Description of Event | ICD-9 Code | Robot |
No Robot |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| During Procedure (n = 533) | During or After Procedure (n = 533) | During Procedure (n = 533) | During or After Procedure (n = 533) | |||
| Major | Acute respiratory failure | 518.81, 518.84, 518.5 | 2.81 | 3.19 | 3.00 | 3.19 |
| Major | Spontaneous tension pneumothorax | 512.0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Major | Atelectasis/pulmonary collapse | 518.0 | 4.32 | 4.88 | 4.69 | 5.07 |
| Major | Empyema | 510.9 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Major | Bronchopleural fistula | 510.0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Major | Air leak and other pneumothorax | 512.1, 512.8 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.19 | 0.19 |
| Major | Pneumonia | 480.x to 486, 507.0 | 2.25 | 3.56 | 1.50 | 1.88 |
| Major | Other pulmonary infections and inflammation | 487.0, 490, 491.21–491.22, 511.0–511.1, 511.89, 511.9, 513.x, 519.01 | 1.13 | 1.88 | 1.88 | 3.19 |
| Major | Acute myocardial infarction | 410.xx | 1.31 | 1.50 | 0.75 | 0.94 |
| Major | Acute heart failure/pulmonary edema | 428.1, 428.21, 428.23, 428.31, 428.33, 428.41, 428.43, 514, 518.4 | 0.19 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.38 |
| Major | Acute pulmonary embolism/infarction | 415.1x | 0.38 | 0.75 | 0.38 | 0.75 |
| Major | Acute deep venous thrombosis of extremities | 453.4x, 453.8, 453.9 | 1.13 | 1.50 | 0.56 | 0.75 |
| Major | Acute cerebrovascular accident (stroke) | 433.x1, 434.x1, (997.02) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Major | Transient cerebral ischemia/transient ischemic attack | 435.x, 437.1 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.19 | 0.38 |
| Major | Intracranial hemorrhage (includes hemorrhagic stroke) | 430–432.x | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Major/surgical | Chylothorax | 457.8 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Major/surgical | Dehiscence | 998.30, 998.31, 998.32, 998.3 | 0.75 | 1.50 | 0.19 | 0.56 |
| Major/surgical | Perforations of organ or vessels | 998.2 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.69 | 1.69 |
| Major/surgical | Sepsis | 038.xx, 790.7, 995.9x | 1.88 | 2.63 | 1.69 | 2.06 |
| Major/surgical | Other postoperative complications | 997.xx except 997.02, 998.0, 998.11, 998.33, 998.4, 998.6, 998.7, 998.8x, and 998.9 | 10.13 | 11.63 | 11.63 | 13.70 |
| Major/surgical | Accidental puncture or laceration during procedure | 998.2 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.69 | 1.69 |
| Major/surgical | Peritoneal abscess | 567.22 | 1.69 | 2.25 | 0.94 | 1.31 |
| Major/surgical | Other retroperitoneal abscess | 567.38 | 0.00 | 0.19 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Major/surgical | Abscess of intestine | 569.5 | 4.69 | 4.69 | 6.19 | 6.19 |
| Major/surgical | Fistula of intestine, excluding rectum and anus, intestinal or peritoneal adhesions with obstruction (postoperative) | 569.81 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.56 | 0.75 |
| Major/surgical | Ureteral fistula, intestinoureteral fistula | 593.82 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Major/surgical | Intestinovesical fistula | 596.1 | 1.88 | 2.06 | 0.94 | 0.94 |
| Major/surgical | Digestive–genital tract fistula, female | 619.1 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 1.13 |
| Major/surgical | Persistent postoperative fistula | 998.6 | 0.19 | 0.38 | 0.00 | 0.19 |
| Major/surgical | Other specified intestinal obstruction | 560.89 | 2.06 | 2.25 | 2.63 | 3.19 |
| Major/surgical | Unspecified intestinal obstruction | 560.9 | 1.50 | 2.25 | 2.06 | 2.44 |
| Major/surgical | Peritonitis (acute), generalized | 567.21 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.38 |
| Major/surgical | Other suppurative peritonitis | 567.29 | 0.56 | 0.56 | 0.38 | 0.38 |
| Major/surgical | Other retroperitoneal infections | 567.39 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Major/surgical | Unspecified peritonitis | 567.9 | 0.19 | 0.38 | 0.19 | 0.19 |
| Minor/surgical | Hematoma/seroma complicating procedure | 998.12–998.13, 998.51 | 1.31 | 2.25 | 0.94 | 1.88 |
| Minor/surgical | Cellulitis | 998.59 plus 682.2 | 2.06 | 4.32 | 2.63 | 3.38 |
| Minor/surgical | Other postoperative infection, including other (noncellulitis) wound infection | 998.59 when 510.9, 510.0, 038.xx, 790.7, 995.9x, 682.2 are not also present | 0.75 | 1.88 | 1.13 | 1.88 |
| Minor/surgical | Paralytic ileus | 560.1 | 9.01 | 9.19 | 10.51 | 11.44 |
| Minor/surgical | Other digestive system complications | 997.49 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Minor/surgical | Perioperative autologous transfusion of whole blood or blood components | 99.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Minor/surgical | Transfusion of previously collected autologous blood | 99.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Minor/surgical | Other transfusion of whole blood | 99.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Minor/surgical | Transfusion of packed cells | 99.04 | 7.88 | 9.57 | 11.63 | 12.01 |
| Minor/surgical | Hemorrhage complicating procedure | 998.11 | 0.75 | 1.31 | 1.88 | 2.44 |
| Minor/surgical | Hematoma complicating procedure | 998.12 | 1.13 | 1.50 | 0.75 | 1.13 |