Homology modeling of the structure of rat P2X2 from zebra fish P2X4 in closed and open states with localization of the residues K308, D315, and T339S, which are critical in the homotrimer for voltage- and [ATP]–dependent gating. (A and E) Homology model of the rat P2X2 structure based on the closed- (A) and open-state (E) structures of zebra fish P2X4 (Kawate et al., 2009; Hattori and Gouaux, 2012). The critical residues at the ATP-binding site (K308), linker (D315), and pore (T339) are shown in pink, magenta, and orange spheres, respectively. (B and F) Only the TM helices and their connections to ATP-binding sites are shown for a better view of critical residues in closed (B) and open (F) states. (C and G) Bottom views of the pore in closed (C) and open (G) states showing T339 residues. (D and H) Top view just above the level of the intersubunit ATP-binding site in closed (D) and open (H) states. K308 and K69 form a groove for the intersubunit ATP docking.