Table 1.
Overview of the specific proteasome subunits that influence the pluripotent and differentiated state
| Category | Systemic nomenclature | HUGO | Function | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19S lid |
Rpn6 |
PSMD11 |
Stabilize interaction between 19S RP and 20S core |
[2,30,32,35,36] |
| |
Rpn11 |
PSMD14 |
De-ubiquitinating enzyme |
|
| |
Rpn12 |
PSMD8 |
|
|
| 19S base |
Rpt3 |
PSMC4 |
ATPase, gate-opening |
[2,30] |
| 20S core particle |
β1 |
PSMB6 |
Caspase-like |
[2,8,18] |
| |
β2 |
PSMB7 |
Trypsin-like |
|
| |
β5 |
PSMB5 |
Chymotrypsin-like |
|
| |
β1i |
PSMB9 |
Chymotrypsin-like |
|
| |
β2i |
PSMB10 |
Trypsin-like |
|
| |
β5i |
PSMB8 |
Chymotrypsin-like |
|
| PA28 complex |
(PA28α) |
PSME1 |
Proteasome activator |
[2,13,25] |
| (PA28β) | PSME2 |
Explanation of the different nomenclature of the proteasome subunits as well as their functions that are important for the pluripotent and differentiated cell fate. HUGO, Human Genome Organization; RP, regulatory particle; Rpn, non-ATPase subunit of 19S RP; Rpt, AAA-ATPase subunit of 19S RP.