Table 2.
Cell type | Concentration, inhibitor/time | Effect | Pluripotency marker | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
HFF/iPSC-derived fibroblast |
250, 500 and 1,000 nM MG132/40 hours |
No morphological change |
Nondetectable |
[21] |
Fibroblasts |
2 μM UK101/PD957 |
Complete inhibition of reprogramming |
Nondetectable |
[40] |
MEFs |
Low doses of MG132 |
Complete inhibition of reprogramming |
Nondetectable |
[32] |
hESC-derived fibroblasts |
250, 500 and 1,000 nM MG132/40 hours |
No morphological change |
Nondetectable |
[21] |
hESCs |
125 nM MG132/40 hours |
No effect |
Significant downregulation of OCT4, SOX2, NANOG and TRA-1-60 |
[21] |
|
250 nM MG132/40 hours |
Large patches of differentiated areas |
|
|
|
500 nM MG132/40 hours |
Only differentiated cells |
|
|
|
1,000 nM MG132/40 hours |
Detachment of undifferentiated cells |
|
|
hESCs |
62.5 nM MG132/24 hours |
Downregulation of pluripotent markers and modified levels of specific germ-layer markers (upregulation of FGF5 and GATA4) |
Significant downregulation of OCT4, NANOG, SOX2 and ZFP42 |
[34] |
hESCs | 2 μM UK101/PD957 for 4 days | Pluripotency diminished, less alkaline phosphatase positive colonies, upregulation of FGF5 and GATA4 | Significant downregulation of TRA-1-81 and SSEA3 | [40] |
Application of distinct proteasome inhibitors on different cell types, the effect of inhibition and the influence on pluripotency-associated transcription factors. hESC, human embryonic stem cell; HFF, human neonatal foreskin fibroblast; iPSC, induced pluripotent stem cell; MEF, murine embryonic fibroblast.