Table 3.

Known-groups validity: mean differences in K-DSC-R Scores according to depression classification and HbA1c control status

	n	Mean (SD)	F or t ( p )	Post-hoc test
Depression classification
Nonea	189	1.50 (1.85)	36.79e (p < 0.001)	a, b < c < d (Dunnett’s T3)f
Mildb	124	2.29 (2.29)
Moderatec	79	4.00 (2.96)
Severed	37	8.31 (4.96)
HbA1c status
Controlled (HbA1c <7.0%)	145	2.32 (2.74)	−2.13 (p = 0.03)
Uncontrolled (HbA1c ≥7.0%)	287	3.03 (3.46)

^aNo depression.

^bMild depression.

^cModerate depression.

^dSevere depression.

^eWelch’s test was computed due to the heterogeneous variance for ANOVA.

^fDunnett’s T3 comparison was conducted due to the nonequal variances for post-hoc testing.