FIGURE 2—

Age-specific cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma death rate ratios comparing American Indians/Alaska Natives to Whites by (a) all causes of chronic liver disease, (b) alcoholic liver disease, (c) HCV infection, and (d) hepatitis B virus infection: 1999–2009.

Note. Previously published chronic liver disease definition⁸ using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes for underlying cause of death modified for use in this study. Hepatocellular carcinoma-related death was defined as having an ICD-10 code for a primary liver cancer as the underlying cause. Cirrhosis-related death was assigned to all other chronic liver disease (CLD). American Indian/Alaska Native race is reported from death certificates or through linkage with the Indian Health Services patient registration database. Analyses are limited to persons of non-Hispanic origin. Selected causes (cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma) were determined from ICD-10 codes for underlying or contributing cause of death. Cases with multiple CLD causes are counted more than once. Death rates are per 100 000 persons and are age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population (11 age groups; Census P25–1130).