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. 2014 Apr 14;111(17):6485–6490. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1404809111

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5.

Water restriction increases vWF in the blood of mice and activates thrombogenesis (mean ± SEM, n = 5, *P < 0.05, t test). Water was restricted for 9 d. (A) Overview of blood clotting. Increase of vWF causes platelet activation and aggregation, leading to coagulation and formation of fibrin clots (thrombi). Concurrent activation of fibrinolysis begins degrading clots, which increases D-dimer in blood. (Note that measurement of D-dimer is also a clinical test for thrombogenesis.) (B) Water restriction increases vWF and D-dimer in plasma of mice. (Upper) Western blots. (Lower) Quantification, normalized to control. (C) Water restriction increases PAI-1 in plasma of mice. Note that PAI-1 inhibits fibrinolysis, which delays degradation of fibrin clots. (D) Representative images of immunohistochemical staining (brown) of liver tissue sections for fibrin and for the endothelial cell marker CD31. The staining for fibrin identifies microthrombi (arrows) inside liver capillaries. (E) Quantification of microthrombi in tissue sections from liver. Water restriction increases the number of microthrombi per square millimeter.