Fig. 1.

(A) A map showing the locations and chronology of archaeological sites (black dots) from three different European regions where ancient chicken remains analyzed in this study were excavated (see also SI Materials and Methods and Fig. S1). The pairs of colored boxes adjacent to each region show which of two alleles of two nuclear genes (TSHR and BCDO2) were present in each genotyped individual (Table S1). (B) Pie charts showing the differing allele frequencies of all (pooled) ancient samples (from 290 B.C. to the 18th century A.D.) (Table S2). Allele frequencies found in modern chicken populations at the TSHR locus were derived from ref. 29 and at the BCDO2 locus from ref. 25.