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Inflammatory cytokines induced overexpression of TGF-β by MSCs. MSCs were pretreated with inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α (20 ng/ml each) for 12 hours. (A) TGF-β mRNA in MSCs was assayed by real-time PCR. (B) The amount of TGF-β1 in conditioned medium was detected by ELISA. (C) The expression of TGF-β in protein level was examined by western blot. (*P < 0.05).
