Table 1.
A list of viruses that both induce and require host DNA damage responses (DDR) for productive infections.
| Virus that Induce DNA damage response (DDR) | Abbreviation | Virus type | DDR factors activated | DDR factors required for virus replication | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human cytomegalovirus | HCMV | dsDNA, β-herpesvirus | ATM, CHK2, p53, H2AX NBS1, CHK1 | ATM, p53, H2AX | [94,98] |
| Herpes simplex virus type 1 | HSV-1 | dsDNA, α-herpesvirus | ATM, CHK2, 53BP1, NBS1 | ATM, Mre11 | [95] |
| Epstein-Barr virus | EBV | dsDNA, γ-herpesvirus | ATM, CHK2, Nbs1, H2AX, p53, CHK1 | XPC | [96,99] |
| Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 | γHV68 | dsDNA, γ-herpesvirus | ATM, H2AX, p53, CHK1 | ATM, H2AX | [100,101] |
| Simian virus type 40 | SV40 | dsDNA, polyomavirus | ATM, CHK1, CHK2, p53 | ATM, Rad51, FancD2 | [97,102,103] |
| Human papillomavirus | HPV | dsDNA, papillomavirus | ATM, CHK2, H2AX, NBS1, CHK1, BRCA1 | ATM, CHK2 | [104,105,106,107,108] |
| Human parvovirus B19 | B19V | ssDNA, parvovirus | ATM, CHK2, ATR, DNA-PKcs, CHK1, Ku70/Ku80, H2AX, RPA-32 | ATR, CHK1, DNA-PKcs, Ku70/ku80 | [109,110,111] |
| Adeno-associated virus | AAV | ssDNA, parvovirus | ATM, CHK2, DNA-PKcs, SMC1, H2AX, CHK1, RPA32 | DNA-Pkcs | [112,113] |
| Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type 1 | HTLV1 | ssRNA/dsDNA, retrovirus | ATM, CHK2, H2AX, NBS1, DNA-PKcs | N/A | [114,115,116,117,118,119] |
| Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 | HIV-1 | ssRNA/dsDNA, lentivirus | ATM, H2AX, p53, NBS1, ATR, CHK1, P38MAPK | ATM | [120,121,122] |
| Rift Valley fever virus | RVFV | ssRNA, arbovirus | ATM, CHK2, H2AX, p53 | ATM, CHK2, p53 | [123,124] |
| Hepatitis C virus | HCV | ssRNA, flavivirus | ATM, CHK2, H2AX, CHK1 | ATM, CHK2 | [125,126] |