Table 2.

Proteins differentially expressed in PCOS patients.

Protein and method	Function	Site of expression	Relation to PCOS	Population size	Reference
HSP27/2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry	Steroidogenesis, chaperoning and protection against apoptosis	Ovarian tissue	Decreased	3 normal women and 3 with PCOS all younger than 30 years old	[13]
HSP10/2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry	Protect against apoptosis and play a role in follicular atresia	Ovarian tissue	Decreased	3 normal women and 3 with PCOS all younger than 30 years old	[13]
HSP47/2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry	Collagen specific molecular chaperone involved in fibrolytic disease	Ovarian tissue	Increased	3 normal women and 3 with PCOS all younger than 30 years old	[13]
FUSE binding protein 1/2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry	Regulation of insulin function	Ovarian tissue	Increased	3 normal women and 3 with PCOS all younger than 30 years old	[13]
Glyoxylate reductase/ Hydroxypyruvate reductase/2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry	Regulation of insulin function	Ovarian tissue	Increased	3 normal women and 3 with PCOS all younger than 30 years old	[13]
Antithrombin III/2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry	Regulation of fibrinolysis and thrombosis	Ovarian tissue	Decreased	3 normal women and 3 with PCOS all younger than 30 years old	[13]
Annexin A2/2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry	Regulation of fibrinolysis and thrombosis	Ovarian tissue	Decreased	3 normal women and 3 with PCOS	[13]
Fibrinogen alpha and gamma chain/2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry	Fibrinolysis and blood clotting	Ovarian tissue	Increased	3 normal women and 3 with PCOS all younger than 30 years old with PCOS	[13]
Laminin A/C/2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry	Regulators of the ovary	Ovarian tissue	Increased	3 normal women and 3 with PCOS all younger than 30 years old	[13]
Vimentin/2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry	Regulator of the ovary	Ovarian tissue	Increased	3 normal women and 3 with PCOS all younger than 30 years old	[13]
Vitamin D binding protein (DBP)/2D gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF	Binding vitamin D	Follicular fluid	Decreased	30 normal women undergoing IVF and 30 with PCOS	[14]
Plasma retinol binding protein (RBP4)/2D gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF	Binding of retinol	Follicular fluid	Increased	30 normal women undergoing IVF and 30 with PCOS	[14]
Transthyretin (TTR)/2D gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF	Insulin resistance and obesity	Follicular fluid	Increased	30 normal women undergoing IVF and 30 with PCOS	[14]
Apolipoprotein A1/2D gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF	Regulate lipid metabolism and has a function in anti-inflammatory pathways	Follicular fluid	Increased	30 normal women undergoing IVF and 30 with PCOS	[14]
Apolipoprotein A4/2D gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF	Weakest lipophilic capacity and associated with lipid metabolism	Follicular fluid	Increased	30 normal women undergoing IVF and 30 with PCOS	[14]
Transferrin/2D gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF	Binds iron and transports it. Promote cell growth and development	Follicular fluid	Increased	30 normal women undergoing IVF and 30 with PCOS	[14]
DRAM2/2D gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF	Apoptosis	Follicular fluid	Decreased	30 normal women undergoing IVF and 30 with PCOS	[14]
MAK (Male germ-associated kinase)/2D gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF	Plays a role in meiosis of cells	Follicular fluid	Decreased	30 normal women undergoing IVF and 30 with PCOS	[14]
Glutathione S-transferase M3 (GSTM3)/2D gel electrophoresis and MALDI-MS	Antioxidant involved in breakdown of cytotoxic material	Omental adipose tissue	Increased	19 obese women undergoing bariatric surgery; 10 with PCOS and 9 nonsymptomatic used as control	[6]
Annexin V/2D gel electrophoresis and MALDI-MS	Phospholipid binding	Omental adipose tissue	Increased	19 obese women undergoing bariatric surgery; 10 with PCOS and 9 nonsymptomatic used as control	[6]
Peroxiredoxin 2/2D gel electrophoresis and MALDI-MS	Antioxidant	Omental adipose tissue	Decreased	19 obese women undergoing bariatric surgery; 10 with PCOS and 9 nonsymptomatic used as control	[6]
Actin/2D gel electrophoresis and MALDI-MS	Cytoskeletal protein and gene expression regulation	Omental adipose tissue	Decreased	19 obese women undergoing bariatric surgery; 10 with PCOS and 9 nonsymptomatic used as control	[6]
TPI1/2D gel electrophoresis and MALDI-MS	interconversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate in preparation for glycolysis	Omental adipose tissue	Decreased	19 obese women undergoing bariatric surgery; 10 with PCOS and 9 nonsymptomatic used as control	[6]
Prolidase	Matrix metalloproteinase	Serum	Increased	30 PCOS patients and 28 normal women	[37]