. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Res Adolesc. 2014 May 23;24(2):204–219. doi: 10.1111/jora.12121

Table 2.

Time-Varying Predictor Values Comparing Gang and Non-Gang Across Adolescence

Time-Varying Predictors	5th grade	6th grade	7th grade	8th grade	9th grade	10th grade	12th grade
	Means(SD) and Percentages
Prosocial Family Environment
Gang	0.01 (0.54)	−0.08 (0.60)	−0.09 (0.56)^*	−0.11 (0.57)^**	−0.10 (0.56)^**	−0.17 (0.55)^**	−0.21 (0.65)^***
Non-Gang	0.00 (0.48)	0.02 (0.49)	0.02 (0.46)	0.03 (0.45)	0.03 (0.49)	0.04 (0.50)	0.04 (0.62)
Lived with a Gang Member
Gang	9.9%^***	8.1%^***	13.0%^***	14.3%^***	13.7%^***	14.3%^***	13.0%^***
Non-Gang	0.7%	0.7%	0.8%	1.2%	1.2%	2.0%	2.0%
School Prosocial Environment
Gang	−0.04 (0.52)	−0.07 (0.53)	−0.03 (0.49)	−0.01 (0.53)	−0.07 (0.54)^*	−0.06 (0.56)	−0.13 (0.67)^*
Non-Gang	0.00 (0.43)	0.02 (0.49)	0.01 (0.43)	0.00 (0.47)	0.02 (0.50)	0.02 (0.42)	0.03 (0.50)
Neighborhood Prosocial Environment
Gang	−0.16 (0.91)^*	−0.16 (0.91)	−0.07 (0.65)	−0.03 (0.61)	−0.16 (0.70)^**	−0.13 (0.77)^*	−0.11 (0.84)
Non-Gang	0.04 (0.74)	0.04 (0.87)	0.01 (0.61)	0.01 (0.59)	0.04 (0.58)	0.03 (0.71)	0.03 (0.71)
Neighborhood Antisocial Environment
Gang	0.24 (0.68)^***	0.35 (0.69)^***	0.36 (0.72)^***	0.36 (0.63)^***	0.44 (0.62)^***	0.44 (0.60)^***	0.43 (0.60)^***
Non-Gang	−0.06 (0.58)	−0.10 (0.65)	−0.10 (0.60)	−0.10 (0.48)	−0.11 (0.56)	−0.11 (0.56)	−0.11 (0.59)
Peer Prosocial Environment
Gang	−0.15 (0.73)^**	−0.18 (0.95)^*	−0.02 (0.51)	−0.03 (0.58)	−0.11 (0.77)^*	−0.11 (0.78)	−0.16 (0.90)^*
Non-Gang	0.03 (0.56)	0.05 (0.60)	0.01 (0.47)	0.00 (0.45)	0.04 (0.60)	0.02 (0.65)	0.05 (0.77)
Peer Antisocial Environment
Gang	0.19 (0.71)^**	0.18 (0.81)^**	0.30 (0.68)^***	0.27 (0.69)^***	0.31 (0.71)^***	0.32 (0.67)^***	0.35 (0.65)^***
Non-Gang	−0.03 (0.58)	−0.04 (0.62)	−0.08 (0.51)	−0.07 (0.54)	−0.08 (0.56)	−0.08 (0.57)	−0.08 (0.54)

p<.05;

^**

p<.01;

^***

p<.001