Table 2. Genetic diversity indices and neutrality tests (Fu's Fs and Tajima's D) in the mtCOI-5′ (barcode) sequences of 21 mosquito species from Pakistan.

Species	n	S	k	π	h	Hd	Fu's Fs	Tajima's D
Ae. aegypti	48	5	0.27	0.0004	5	0.22	−3.95	−1.90
Ae. albopictus	182	6	0.43	0.0010	7	0.38	−3.88	−1.22
Ae. unilineatus	7	7	2.87	0.0055	5	0.86	−1.26	−1.03
Ae. w-albus	9	7	1.89	0.0031	5	0.80	−0.73	−1.00
Aedes MA01	9	13	4.83	0.0073	8	0.97	−2.82	0.05
Aedes MA02	4	6	3.00	0.0046	3	0.83	0.731	−0.81
Aedini 1	5	6	2.80	0.0043	4	0.90	−0.445	−0.19
Ar. subalbatus	54	3	0.27	0.0004	4	0.27	−2.17	−1.18
An. culicifacies	5	7	2.80	0.0042	5	1.00	−2.37	−1.16
An. pulcherrimus	8	2	0.50	0.0008	3	0.46	−0.99	−1.31
An. peditaeniatus	8	7	2.25	0.0034	6	0.93	−2.32	−0.79
An. stephensi	28	3	0.21	0.0005	4	0.21	−3.27	−1.73
An. subpictus	39	24	3.10	0.0052	17	0.87	−8.14	−1.84
Co. pseudotaeniatus	11	23	10.1	0.0154	6	0.89	1.59	0.72
Cx. bitaeniorhynchus	4	1	0.50	0.0008	2	0.50	0.17	−0.61
Cx. fuscocephala	5	4	2.00	0.0030	4	0.90	−1.01	0.27
Cx. quinquefasciatus	1018	23	0.09	0.0002	24	0.09	−64.4	−2.31
Cx. tritaeniorhynchus	89	33	2.78	0.0057	33	0.90	−27.08	−1.88
Ma. uniformis	4	4	2.33	0.0038	4	1.00	−1.62	0.65
Oc. pulcritarsis	72	32	4.74	0.0076	37	0.96	−25.58	−1.04
Ph. cogilli	48	19	3.16	0.0074	18	0.89	−7.36	−0.86

n: number of sequences; S: number of polymorphic sites; k: average number of pairwise nucleotide differences; π: nucleotide diversity; h; number of haplotypes; Hd: haplotype diversity.

Fu's Fs: A negative value of F_S is evidence for an excess number of alleles, as would be expected from a recent population expansion or from genetic hitchhiking. Statistical significance: Not significant, P>0.02.

Tajima's D: A negative Tajima's D signifies an excess of low frequency polymorphisms relative to expectation. Statistical significance: Not significant, P>0.10.

Species represented by <3 specimens or barcodes with <500 bp were not included in the analyses.