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. 2014 May 12;2014:723035. doi: 10.1155/2014/723035

Table 2.

Description and comparison by gender and age groups. For dichotomous variables (yes/no), “Yes” percentage was reported only.

Variables Male
N (%)
Female
N (%)
P <45
years
N (%)
≥45
years
N (%)
P
Are you aware of the damage caused by smoking? Yes 309 (99) 329 (97) 0.070 323 (98) 320 (99) 0.420

What is/are the consequence/s that in the  
immediate worries you? (Multiple-answers)
Wrinkles 27 (9) 77 (22) <0.001 78 (24) 26 (8) <0.001
Skin spots 42 (40) 62 (60) 0.110 67 (20) 37 (11) 0.001
Breathlessness 176 (56) 154 (45) 0.003 162 (49) 173 (52) 0.393
Halitosis or bad breath 58 (19) 76 (22) 0.266 94 (28) 40 (12) <0.001
Yellow teeth 56 (18) 77 (22) 0.158 97 (29) 36 (11) <0.001
Yellow fingernails 4 (2) 7 (3) 0.445 11 (7) 0 (0) <0.001*
Hair loss 3 (2) 10 (5) 0.071 10 (6) 3 (1) 0.004
Bad smelling clothes 33 (11) 58 (17) 0.020 50 (15) 41 (12) 0.310

Have you ever stopped smoking due to the warnings? (Decision to quit) Yes 25 (8) 14 (4) 0.034 15 (5) 26 (8) 0.067

Are you or have you been influenced by the
health warnings on cigarettes packages
(in relation to the daily number of cigarettes smoked)?
(Foregoing of cigarettes)
Yes 28 (9) 51 (15) 0.020 37 (11) 43 (14) 0.370

Have you changed your smoking habits due to
the warnings (e.g., do not smoke after coffee)? (Forgoing of cigarettes)
Yes 23 (7) 29 (9) 0.583 29 (9) 23 (7) 0.497

°If yes. Have you returned to yours previous smoking habits after a short time? Yes 12 (75) 13 (65) 0.718* 13 (77) 12 (63) 0.387

Having read the smoking warnings on
packages, do you inhale it?
Yes 294 (94) 297 (87) 0.002 306 (93) 289 (88) 0.034

Do you consider it important to report the
health warnings about tobacco consumption on
cigarette packs?
A lot 83 (27) 84 (25) 0.468 98 (30) 71 (22) 0.048
Enough 82 (27) 92 (21) 92 (28) 84 (26)
Poor 94 (30) 92 (27) 82 (25) 104 (32)
No 52 (17) 72 (21) 58 (18) 67 (21)

Have the messages communicated that
smoking ruins your health? (Thoughts of harm)
Yes 268 (88) 290 (87) 0.929 293 (90) 270 (85) 0.071

Have the messages communicated to you that smoking causes damages to those around
you, such as your children or family
members? (Thoughts of harm)
Yes 252 (85) 280 (86) 0.641 287 (89) 246 (82) 0.009

Have the health warnings increased the  
curiosity or the desire to be better informed 
or to be helped to give up smoking?  
(Warning salience)
A lot 27 (9) 21 (6) 0.153 21 (6) 29 (9) <0.001
Enough 83 (27) 104 (31) 120 (36) 68 (21)
Poor 132 (42) 124 (36) 116 (35) 142 (44)
No 69 (22) 92 (27) 74 (22) 87 (27)

Do you think that the light, blue, gold, and mild cigarettes are less hazardous than regular cigarettes? Yes 67 (25) 73 (24) 0.762 58 (20) 82 (29) 0.022

If shocking images were used on cigarette boxes, would they have greater effect than simple warning text currently used? Yes 194 (83) 197 (78) 0.189 215 (85) 180 (76) 0.019

If your favorite cigarettes brand decide to
change the look of its cigarette boxes with shocking images on smoking health damages,
would you think of changing it?
Yes 60 (32) 92 (43) 0.025 81 (40) 73 (36) 0.390

If you could choose the types of warning labels
on cigarette packs, which one do you feel as more effective in helping to stop smoking?
Textual health warning 45 (17) 46 (17) 0.985 43 (15) 49 (19) 0.480
Graphic health warnings with shocking images 72 (27) 77 (28) 81 (28) 71 (27)
Both shocking images with text 148 (56) 155 (56) 163 (57) 140 (54)

P value chi-square test; *P value Fisher's exact test; °the sample size in this case is 36; bold: P < 0.05.