Table 2.
Variables | Male N (%) |
Female N (%) |
P ∧ | <45 years N (%) |
≥45 years N (%) |
P ∧ | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Are you aware of the damage caused by smoking? | Yes | 309 (99) | 329 (97) | 0.070 | 323 (98) | 320 (99) | 0.420 |
| |||||||
What is/are the consequence/s that in the immediate worries you? (Multiple-answers) |
Wrinkles | 27 (9) | 77 (22) | <0.001 | 78 (24) | 26 (8) | <0.001 |
Skin spots | 42 (40) | 62 (60) | 0.110 | 67 (20) | 37 (11) | 0.001 | |
Breathlessness | 176 (56) | 154 (45) | 0.003 | 162 (49) | 173 (52) | 0.393 | |
Halitosis or bad breath | 58 (19) | 76 (22) | 0.266 | 94 (28) | 40 (12) | <0.001 | |
Yellow teeth | 56 (18) | 77 (22) | 0.158 | 97 (29) | 36 (11) | <0.001 | |
Yellow fingernails | 4 (2) | 7 (3) | 0.445 | 11 (7) | 0 (0) | <0.001* | |
Hair loss | 3 (2) | 10 (5) | 0.071 | 10 (6) | 3 (1) | 0.004 | |
Bad smelling clothes | 33 (11) | 58 (17) | 0.020 | 50 (15) | 41 (12) | 0.310 | |
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Have you ever stopped smoking due to the warnings? (Decision to quit) | Yes | 25 (8) | 14 (4) | 0.034 | 15 (5) | 26 (8) | 0.067 |
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Are you or have you been influenced by the health warnings on cigarettes packages (in relation to the daily number of cigarettes smoked)? (Foregoing of cigarettes) |
Yes | 28 (9) | 51 (15) | 0.020 | 37 (11) | 43 (14) | 0.370 |
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Have you changed your smoking habits due to the warnings (e.g., do not smoke after coffee)? (Forgoing of cigarettes) |
Yes | 23 (7) | 29 (9) | 0.583 | 29 (9) | 23 (7) | 0.497 |
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°If yes. Have you returned to yours previous smoking habits after a short time? | Yes | 12 (75) | 13 (65) | 0.718* | 13 (77) | 12 (63) | 0.387 |
| |||||||
Having read the smoking warnings on packages, do you inhale it? |
Yes | 294 (94) | 297 (87) | 0.002 | 306 (93) | 289 (88) | 0.034 |
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Do you consider it important to report the health warnings about tobacco consumption on cigarette packs? |
A lot | 83 (27) | 84 (25) | 0.468 | 98 (30) | 71 (22) | 0.048 |
Enough | 82 (27) | 92 (21) | 92 (28) | 84 (26) | |||
Poor | 94 (30) | 92 (27) | 82 (25) | 104 (32) | |||
No | 52 (17) | 72 (21) | 58 (18) | 67 (21) | |||
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Have the messages communicated that smoking ruins your health? (Thoughts of harm) |
Yes | 268 (88) | 290 (87) | 0.929 | 293 (90) | 270 (85) | 0.071 |
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Have the messages communicated to you that smoking causes damages to those around you, such as your children or family members? (Thoughts of harm) |
Yes | 252 (85) | 280 (86) | 0.641 | 287 (89) | 246 (82) | 0.009 |
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Have the health warnings increased the curiosity or the desire to be better informed or to be helped to give up smoking? (Warning salience) |
A lot | 27 (9) | 21 (6) | 0.153 | 21 (6) | 29 (9) | <0.001 |
Enough | 83 (27) | 104 (31) | 120 (36) | 68 (21) | |||
Poor | 132 (42) | 124 (36) | 116 (35) | 142 (44) | |||
No | 69 (22) | 92 (27) | 74 (22) | 87 (27) | |||
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Do you think that the light, blue, gold, and mild cigarettes are less hazardous than regular cigarettes? | Yes | 67 (25) | 73 (24) | 0.762 | 58 (20) | 82 (29) | 0.022 |
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If shocking images were used on cigarette boxes, would they have greater effect than simple warning text currently used? | Yes | 194 (83) | 197 (78) | 0.189 | 215 (85) | 180 (76) | 0.019 |
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If your favorite cigarettes brand decide to change the look of its cigarette boxes with shocking images on smoking health damages, would you think of changing it? |
Yes | 60 (32) | 92 (43) | 0.025 | 81 (40) | 73 (36) | 0.390 |
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If you could choose the types of warning labels on cigarette packs, which one do you feel as more effective in helping to stop smoking? |
Textual health warning | 45 (17) | 46 (17) | 0.985 | 43 (15) | 49 (19) | 0.480 |
Graphic health warnings with shocking images | 72 (27) | 77 (28) | 81 (28) | 71 (27) | |||
Both shocking images with text | 148 (56) | 155 (56) | 163 (57) | 140 (54) |
∧ P value chi-square test; *P value Fisher's exact test; °the sample size in this case is 36; bold: P < 0.05.