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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Epidemiol. 2014 Mar 3;24(5):344–355. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.02.008

Table 3.

Percent difference in 2007 BMI associated with 1-standard-deviation higher average academic achievement 1997–2002a, by sex

Combined
 Boys
 Girls
Model Type Covariates Diff 95% CI p Diff 95% CI p Diff 95% CI p Interaction p
Unweighted None −1.83 (−2.89, −0.77) <0.001 −1.08 (−2.51, 0.37) 0.14 −2.70 (−4.13−1.24) <0.001 0.11
Unweighted Baselineb −0.88 (−2.07, 0.31) 0.15 −0.26 (−1.76, 1.25) 0.73 −1.58 (−3.07, −0.07) 0.04 0.16
Unweighted Baseline and time-varyingc −0.52 (−1.51, 0.50) 0.30 −0.19 (−1.35, 0.97) 0.74 −0.90 (−2.13, 0.35) 0.16 0.31
MSM Baselineb −0.71 (−1.98, 0.58) 0.28 −0.14 (−1.60, 1.35) 0.86 −1.36 (−3.12, 0.44) 0.14 0.24
a

Calculated from coefficients and 95% confidence intervals from linear regression of the natural log of BMI using the formula: % difference = 100*(exp(b) − 1)). Standard deviation of average academic achievement was calculated separately for each imputation. Values ranged 14.7–15.1, with a mean of 14.9.

b

Model includes baseline age, sex, race, perinatal health, caregiver education, number of parents in household, HOME scale, household income, region, urbanicity, whether the child had repeated a grade, and the primary caregiver’s achievement score as covariates.

c

Model includes baseline adjustment variables + time−varying measures of family income, neighborhood rating, health status, overnight hospital stays, BMI percentile, problem behaviors, school type, and whether the child switched schools in the current year.