Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Epidemiol. 2014 Mar 3;24(5):344–355. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.02.008

Table 4.

Prevalence ratios of serious psychological distress for 1-standard-deviation higher average academic achievement 1997–2002a, by sex

Combined
 Male
 Female
Model Type Covariates PR 95% CI p PR 95% CI p PR 95% CI p Interaction p
Unweighted None 0.84 (0.73, 0.97) 0.02 0.92 (0.76, 1.12) 0.39 0.77 (0.61, 0.95) 0.02 0.24
Unweighted Baselineb 0.89 (0.76, 1.05) 0.16 0.95 (0.77, 1.17) 0.65 0.82 (0.65, 1.04) 0.10 0.34
Unweighted Baseline and time-varyingc 0.91 (0.77, 1.07) 0.26 0.97 (0.78, 1.20) 0.76 0.85 (0.67, 1.07) 0.17 0.40
MSM Baselineb 0.91 (0.76, 1.07) 0.25 0.98 (0.79, 1.22) 0.85 0.82 (0.64, 1.05) 0.12 0.28
a

Includes only participants aged at least 18 years in 2007: N = 36,293 in imputed sample, including information for 1475 participants. Standard deviation was calculated separately for each imputation based on the entire sample. Values ranged 14.7–15.1, with a mean of 14.9.

b

Model includes baseline age, sex, race, perinatal health, caregiver education, number of parents in household, HOME scale, household income, region, urbanicity, whether the child had repeated a grade, and the primary caregiver’s achievement score as covariates.

c

Model includes baseline adjustment variables + time-varying measures of family income, neighborhood rating, health status, overnight hospital stays, BMI percentile, problem behaviors, childhood depression scale (2002), school type, and whether the child switched schools in the current year.